
Class ___.2:5:(i 

Book__P3>.^ 



CopyrightN^ 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



STEM-VOWEL SHORTHAND, 

A SYSTEM IN WHICH 

THE VOWELS ARE EXPRESSED 
IN THE CONSONANT STEMS/.-/ 

BY MAKING 

THE LATTER OF DIFFERENT LENGTHS. 

BY 

JOHN T. PORTER, 

CORNER SIXTH AND LIBERTY STREETS, 
PITTSBURGH, PA. 



A NEW AND IMPROVED EDITION. 



INTINO CC. , 
PITTSBURGH, PA. 



THE LIBRARY OF 

COT*<3RES8, 
Two Cowea RaosrvEO 

SEP. 12 1902 

COPVRKJWr ENTRY 

CLASS A-ififtL No. 

cowr B. 



Copyright, 1900. 
John T. Porter, 

Pittsburg, Pa. 
All Rights Reserved. 



-^ 



^ 



CONTENTS. 

Pagk 

Stem-Nowel Shorthand 4 

Transportation of hooks 5 

Shorthand, How to study 6 

Preliminar3^ -. . 7 

Shorthand Vowels ! , 7 

Liong Vowels 7 

Consonants 8 

The Consonant T stem ^ 8 

' ' S circle 8 

" N ." 9 

" M " 10 

" Lt hook 10 

" R " II 

Short vowels 12 

Nasal sounds 13 

Y and W as vowels 13 

Selected words ^ . ,» . .-. 14 

Transposition of vowel "T^ < 15 

Initial and Final Sly and SR. . . . ^ ^ .^ ."^.6 • . .. . 16 

Res 17 

The D stem 18 

Final hooks. IvT and RT 21 

Double consonants ST, NT, MT. 21 

TH, SH, CH, J 22 

Fhe final syllable SHUN 23 

Selected words 24 

The P and the B stems 25 

Selected words 29 

The K and the GAY stems. . 30 

Stems of different leng-ths. 33 

The F and the V stems 36 

The CHAY and the J stem 42 

Final MB and MP 44 

The S and the Z stems 45 

The Wstem 48 

Prefixes CON and COM 50 

The M and the N stems 51 

Double consonants. ... 55 

R and Iv added by position 59 

Primary vowels 60 

The Y and the SH stems 64 

The TH stem 65 

Modification of the prefixes CON and COM 66 

RKIy and I^ER hooks 68 

S3^11ables beg-inning and ending with the same stem 69 

Expedients 71 

T and D omitted 72 

Phrase writing 75 



STEM-VOWEL SHORTHflND 

Is 25 Per Cent. More Rapid than the Graham Method; 500 Per 
Cent. More Legible; can be learned in One-Half the Time, 
and is practically without Wordsigns. 

It is a notorious fact among business men that Graham writ- 
ers cannot read each other's notes, and that very few can read their 
own writing accurately. 

Many deny this, but it will be noticed that they are very care- 
ful Not to Allow Themselves to be Pinned Down to a 
Trial. 

Stem-Vowel Shorthand is as Easily Read as Long- 
hand. 

A Word to the Reader. — The only way to learn the truth 
about shorthand is to examine for yourself. 

Stem-Vowel Shorthand is protected by copyright, and you 
cannot expect to get reliable information about it from rival 
schools to their own Detriment. Their capital and living are in 
their own schools, and Stem- Vowel Shorthand is like Poison to 
them. 

Send for a book of principles, free, and learn one or more 
chapters. They are easily learned, and will not require much of 
your time. You will then be qualified to judge intelligently. 

The best Graham and Pitman writers in the world, who have 
given Stem-Vowel Shorthand a thorough examination, say that if 
its Immense superiority to the old methods were generally under- 
stood, no sane person would ever again puzzle his brain to learn 
the illegible, arbitrary wordsigns of the latter. 

We say again, in justice to yourself, Do Your Own In- 
vestigating and learn the truth for yourself, instead of being in- 
fluenced by some person Who Knows No More About It Than 
You Do Yourself, and who would not examine it if given the 
opportunity. 



STEM-VOWEL SHORTHAND. 5 

There are but sixteen chapters of principles in Stem-Vowel 
Shorthand, and this little book contains eight, or one-half of them. 

Mr. Porter challenges the old methods to a public investiga- 
tion before a competent tribunal, which will let the public under- 
stand the real merits of the new and the old methods, and will pay 
all expenses of such investigation himself. 

Stem-Vowel Shorthand has been written At The Rate OF 
225 Words Per Minute for fifteen minutes in matter dictated 
from Knight's History of England, a speed never reached by the 
old methods for the same length of time. 

It is a notable fact that nearly all the ladies employed as court 
stenographers in Allegheny county, some of whom receive as high 
as 13,000 per year, are writers of Stem- Vowel Shorthand. 

During the months of July and August, 1901, Mr. Porter 
placed sixty pupils in positions, a record which, it is believed, was 
not exceeded by all the old methods combined. 

lyESSONS BY Mail— Stem-Vowel Shorthand principles being 
so simple and easily learned, pupils at a distance can take lessons 
by mail with great facility and success. 

Every statement above will be corroborated by more than 
2,000 stenographers in Pittsburg and vicinity. 



HOW TO STUDY STEM-VOWEL SHORTHAND. 



HOW TO STUDY STEM-VOWEI. SHORTHAND. 

Use pen and ink, and paper ruled with red lines. After you 
have mastered the art, a lead pencil may be used occasionally. 

Learn each chapter thoroughly as you proceed. It is not the 
amount of ground you get over that will gauge your progress, but 
the thoroughness with which you learn the principles. 

If you are learning without a teacher, set apart certain hours 
for practice each day, and let nothing but the most urgent neces- 
sity induce you to omit your practice during that period. 

If you have a taste for and are adapted to Shorthand, and have 
made the contents of this book thoroughly your own, you will be 
able to report verbatim, the most rapid speakers of the English 
language. 

After you have practiced the writing exercises and letters 
until you can write them all correctly, have some one dictate the 
same to. you until you can write both words and letters through 
without hesitation. Strive for accuracy, and the speed will take 
care of itself. 

Write the letters at the end of each chapter from dictation at 
least twenty times. 

By observing these directions strictly your progress will be 
rapid and thorough from the start, and by the time you have com- 
pleted this little book, you should be able to write at least lOO 
words per minute, and read your notes without the slightest hesi- 
tation. Further practice will increase your speed to an unlimited 
degree. 



PRELIMINARY. 



P A R T F I R S T . 

CHAPTER I. 

PRELIMINARY. 

Stem-Vowel Shorthand, or Phonography , is both a science and an art. 

Considered by itself , wholly separate and apart from the purpose to 
which it is adapted, it is a science , being a body of principles arranged- 
in systematic order. 

When practical skill is acquired to apply these principles to the 
purpose for which the system is designed, St em-Vowel Shorthand becomes an 
art. 

The system is purely phonetic in its character , being founded on the 
elementary sounds of the human voice, which are retained withoiit modifi- 
cation whpn the system is applied to the art of writing. 

The elementary sounds of the human voice are of two kinds, distin- 
guished as vowels and consonants. 

The vowels are fifteen in number six long and six short, and three 

diphthongs — - and are divided into three groups, as follows: 

LONG VOWELS. 

FIRST GROUP, SECOND GROUP. 

E,as in EAR. AW, as in LAW. 
A, " " AIR. 0, " " GO. 

A, " " ARE. (5?), '" " BOOT. 

THIRD GROUP. 
DIPHTHONGS. ' 
I, as in IRE. 
, 01, •• " OIL. 

OU, ", •• OUT, or NOW. 

SHORTHAND VOWELS. 

The vowels are represented by straight lines, or stems .written from 
left to right, and are of three different lengths to correspond to the 
three different vowels in each group, each stem having the sound of the 
vowel above it. 

A heavy d'ot above the stems of the first group distinguish them 
from the stems of the second group , which have the dots on the under side. 

The diphthong stems of the third group are distinguished from the 
stems of the other two groups by being heavily shaded; thus: 

FIRST GROUP. SECOND GROUP. THIRD GROUP. 

E, X, A. AW, D, (50. I, 01, OU. 



NOTE — As the vowel sounds of the three groups above are the permanent 
foundation upon which the system is built, the pupil should dwell at least an hour 
on them, pronouncing the vowels in each group again and again until he is per- 
fectly familiar with them. 



CONSONANTS 



^NOTE. - — The shaded stems of the third group .being difficult to 
write on account of the upward movement , are seldom used, being put in 
merely to complete the scientific arrangement of the vowels. 

Write the vowel stems of each group many times, pronouncing each stem 
with the sound of the vowel above it as yo\i write it. 

CONSONANTS. 

The consonants are eighteen in number, as follows: 

T D, P B, K GAY, F V, CH J, S Z, W, M, N, Y, SH, TH. 

./../......J \„_.._ LA /../t ex.. .rr.....^....:^ J J. ).. 

NOTE. The consonants are to be passed over for the present , and 

not committed to memory. 

THE CONSONANT T. 

The consonant T is represented by a straight line, or stem, written 
downward, slanting to the left, and is divided into three different lengths 
to correspond to the. three different vowels in each- group. _ 

The first, or shortest stem, takes the sound of the first vowel >E, 
and is pronounced /TME. _ 

The second stem takes the sound of the second vowel, A, and is pro- 
nounced / TAY. 

The third, or longest stem, takes the sound of the third vowel, A, and 
is pronounced / TAH.as in the word TAR. 

A heavy dot is placed on the right of stems of the first group to 
distinguish them from the stems of the second group , which have the dots 
on the left side. 

The shading of the T stem in its three different lengths indicates 
the diphthongs in their- order, /TI , / TOI , /TOU. 

FIRST GROUP. SECOND GROUP. THIRD GROUP. 

E, S, A. AW, 0, (TO I, 01, OU. 

te , ta, tah. taw, toe, too. tie, toi, tou,as in HOW. 

./. I /... ./ ./. :Z. ./- 1 Z. 



THE S CIRCLE. 

The initial and final oS circle begins and ends on the right side 
of stems of the first and the third group, and on the left side of stems 
of the second group; thus: 

tese ,tase ,tas. taws ,tose ,toos. tise ,tois ,tou 
1: L L. V V ;Z.. J J. 



3ta, stah. staw, sto, st,oo. sti, stoi,stou 

./ L. ..2..........Z.__....i L.....L-.J... 



5tese,stase ,stas, staws , stose ,stoos. ' stise .stois ,stous. " 

A X_ /.. -1. 1....J..... £. L.^.1.... 



WRITING EXERCISES. 



teases .taises ,t, asses,. tawses, teases .tooBes, t ie sex5 , t oises , touaes. 
.551.. ^-^ '/:... :.<^....._.-«.-4a! :J..... .A.^ -^ ."/...- 

'TOITIKG EXERCISE - 

Analyze oacJi -.vord in the follov/ing exercise, and then write the 
whole exercise a niLTibe'r of ttmea, pronouncing each v/ord as you write it; 
thus: 

TEA, a word of tne first group, first length, dot on right of stem. 

TOW, a word of tne second group, second length, dot on left of stem. 

TOO, a word of the second group, third lerjgth,dot on left of. stem. 

TIE, a word of the third group, first length., 

TEASE, a v/ord of the first group, first length, S circle on right of 
stem. 

TAWS, a word of the second group, first length, S circle on left of 
stem. 

REMEitBER that the shorthand character represents the sound of a 
word, and not its English spelling. 

Tea , tav/ , toe , too ,t ie , toy , tease , toys , tav/s , toes ,two3 ,ties ,stay , stow , ste 
stew , stays , stov/3 , stews , sties , teases , tosses . ■ q q 

THE N CIRCLE. 

The oil circle is twice as large , as the S circle and is a final only; 
thus: 

tene,tane tan. tawn ,tone , to(;n . t ine ,toia,tov,'n . 

...6: i ^:. -d :c/ :.(/. A...... A. X... 

teans, tains , tans. tav/ns , tone s , toons . ■ t ine s ,toins , towns. 
.:^: A- £: -O^ -d...,...:J.... .it) 4 ^.... 

ste*ne , stain , Stan. stawn , stone , staon. st ine , sto in , stown . 

A..:. I C.. -s :l....J... ./, £. L.. 

WRITING EXERCISE. 

Teen , tain , tan, tune , tone , i ine , town , stain , stan , stone ,stlne , towns, teens 
stains , stones , stee-ns,3tans , tunes, tones .tans. o 

M^.A L:J....:sl.....b.....l _ L-I- -J e -i i.- tJ ■€■ 

■J...-J. L.. 



lo M CIRCLE AND L HOOK. 



THE M CIRCLE, 



The O M circle is twice as large as the N circle ,and is also a final 
only; thus: 

teme ,tarae ,tara. torn, tome ,toom, time ,toim,towm. 

.h'....L'..h'., '.d_:d. 'd.. .i. 6 L. 

teams, taims, tarns, toras, tomes jtooms. times, toims ,towms. 

±):. .6.'. £:., 'd....-.cl,.,..:c{.. il i A-. 

steam ,staim,stam, stoin,sto!ne-,stoom. stime ,stoim,stowm. 

..d- A: L. ^....d -A. £ L L.. 

WRIT [NG- -EXERCISE. 

Team, tame ,t am, teem, Tom, tomb ,tome ,time , teams , times , tomes , tames , tombs, 
Steam, steams. 






THE L HOOK, 

The consonant L is represented by a small hook turned pn the right 
of stems of the first and the third group, and on the left of stems of the 
second group; thus: 

tele , tale ,tal. tawl,tole ,tool. tile, toil, towl. 

i... L...M. :J....J ;vL. M L..J... 

teals, tails, tals. tawls ,toals , tools. tiles , toils ,towls. 

_4' k:^ Is:., *.(?/ -.&/. :?/.,^ ,U .-^ i^- — 

stele , stale -.stal. stawl, stole .stool. stile ,st oil, stqwj.. 

I: L....L. -1 1 1.. £. I L.. 

WRITING EXERCISE. 
Teal , tail, tool ,toll ,toil,tile ,to7/el,tale , teals, tails , tools .tiles , 
to 11 3, towels , toils, steals , steel , stale .stall, style ,stole , stool , stiles, 
stools, stalls, styles. / / / 



thus: 



THE R HOOK. ii 



■ THE R HOOK. 

The R hook is represented "by a hook t'^ice as large as the L hook 

tere , tare , tar . tawr ,tore ,toor , tire ,toir ,towr . 

A» Ir !>' :d iL/„...'..ci. /.__._ A L . 

tears ,tairs, tars. tawrs ,toars ,toors. tires ,toirs ,towrs. 

A- L\ .4:. -d ■Rj.....,:d... is>... U L.. 

stere , stare .star . stawr .store .stoar. stire .stoir .stowr. 

.£..._..i;:..„Z.- •.y.......:J...--.7 .C......X. I... 



WRITING EXERCISE. . 

Tear ,tare ,tar, tour , tire ,tov/er, tears ,tars , tares , t our s , tears , tires , 
towers , stear , stare , store , star .steers , stairs , stars , stores , stares , A , IN , 
PERIOD. / / / / / / 

L...&,..A...L:.^. L..... - X-- 

Sentences, 

NOTE. The following sentences are of necessity crude , but they 

serve the purpose of practice on the principles embodied in the lesson, 

A tall stool. A steel tool. A tall tower. A tower in town. Stay 
in town. Steam stains a tov/er. A stale store in town. Stay in town to 
tame a steer. A tall tar stole a stone. Stay to tea in town. Toil 
stains tov/els. Toys steal time. Tars toss towels. A tall tar teases a 

steer.. A steer tosses a towel to a tar. A tour to a star in time. 
Stale tea stays stale. Stow steel tools in stone towers. Stow tiles in 
stone torahs. Toil steals time. 

.......c/ y^ .^.. ..£.... J. .^ .....>/- 6.-.X.. -.- i-->^ fc_„.../...-s^..fc-x. 

.6... ../..../ t...C. .L.^.../...^..J....A. .l...L..^J..-.d.. J... 

J....L^ 



12 



SHORT VOWELS 



CHAPTER II. 
SHORT VOWELS. 



FIRST GROUP. 
I, as in lick. 
6, " " leek, 
a, " " lack. 



SECOND GROUP. 

6, as in loci. 

u, " " luck, 

dt), " " look, 



As v/ill iDe seen above , each group of long vowels has a corresponding 
group of short vowels. 

The short vowel sounds may be more easily learned "by pronouncing 
them in connection with consonants; thus: 

ik,ek,ak, ok,uk,ook. it,et,at, ot,ut,oot. ira,em,am, om,um,oora. 
in, en, an, on,un,oon. il,el,al ,ol,ul,ool, ing,eng,ang, ong,ung,oong. 



h-i-t, h-e-t, h-a-t 
I ^ a 



h-o-t, h-u-t, h-o^o-k. 



To distinguish the short vowels from, the long, the dot should be made 
very light. 



tis, tes, tas. 

J: L A. 

stis.stes.stas. 

£ I I. 



tos, tus, t0"t)S.. 
■J_ :l :l. 

stos ,.3tus ,stcr6s. 

J J 'J 



tin, ten, tan. 
.6: i- L 



tawn, tun, tcTbn. 



stin ,sten,stan, 

.£. &. L 



stav/n., stun , stjJtn . 

■.s -J.... 



tim, tern, tarn. 
.h-....6:...A. 



torn, turn, tcrbm. 



stim . stem, stam. 

.&.:..A..A.. 

tims , terns, tams. 
£:....<6: Z^:.. 



St om , St urn , s t dtira . 
ton^s , turns, t(^oras. 



NASAL SOUNDS. 13 



til, tel, tal. tol, tul, to'b, 
.1: L Z-. • * J :v/--..V 



St il , stel , stal . stol ,stul ,sto'ol . 

J.. c L ±..J...J... 

OBSERVE that the first long and the first short vowel in the second 
group are practically alike when connected with consonants, 

NASAL SOUraS. 

The nasal sounds NG and NK are both represented by a small loop on 
the end of a stem or hook, and inside of circles; thus: 

ting jteng, tang. tong jtungjto^ong. 

^A- :L /... :i-....:L...J.... 

Write the characters in the line above again, pronouncing them tink, 
tenk ,tank,tonk,tunk ,toonk. 

tilling .telling, tailing. tawling,tlllling,td'oling. 

_^- L /:-.- .± L^___-Z,. 

tissing,te3Sing,tas3ing. tossing ,tu3sing,to"psing. 

..4- i /.,- .y. .^- 



Y kS k VOWEL. 

When the letter Y ends a syllable, it is a vowel, and is represented 
by a short horizontal tick; as in the word ^ TALLY. 

The letter W at the end of a syllable is represented by a short-, 
vertical tick; as in the word / TALLOV/. 

t illy , telly .tally . tolly ,tully ,to""bly, 

.A_..,i /.. ,j J. y. 



teary ,t airy , tarry . torry , t urry , to^ory . 

..&. U....L.. .-o. i/ J.-.. 

WRITING EXERCISE. 

Tis, till, st is, still, tin .Tirri , sting , til ling .stilly ,tess, tell, telling 
ten , tens ,tem, stem, stems .stemming ,telly ,tass ,tas3ing , tallow , tally , tan , 
tanning , tans ,tam, St am, tank , tanks , stink , toss , tall ,Toin, stall , tolly .tos- 
sing, stalling , tongs, tongue .tongues ,tuliy , tun .stun , stunning ,stur,^'. 



14 SBIvECTED WORDS. 



.i-...A...^....^-...6:...-6.../...J-..../?...7...i...X...^....^:...A....<5-.^^^^^ 

cy ^ / / y V ■(/ (/ / 



A SUGGESTION.--- Practice writing and pronouncing the foregoing and 
the following exerciser until they can he written easily and readily 
from dictation. 

Write slowly and carefully , taking the greatest pains to make your 
writing accurate. Avoid efforts for speed. 

In writing sentence s , omit the dots entirely, as their prir7cipal use 
is to aid the pupil in acquiring the ability to spell phonetically. 

In such words as t'axl , STALL ;TOSS , etc . ,e ither the long or the short 
sound may "be uged. 

SELECTED WORDS. 

For the purpose of focilitating sentenco-writing, the follo»in(:, *ordo 
and phrases selected from advanced lossone should bo leai'ned . 

The vowels ^^E and_ — 00 represent the pronouns HE and WHO. 

Dear Sir, not, know, no, I have a, he, who, is, you, your, me, tho, from, ar^ 



i- 



of, of the, of a^ ^or, but. 
^ A X \\ ,\. 

LETTER. 

Dear Sir:-- I have a story to tell you, but I have not time tc stay in 
town to tell you the tale . Tom Tower tells me he knows who stele tho stale 
tallow from the stone tank. in the store. 

Who knows who stole the tools from the store? I have not time to toll 
you. You know who are in the store. 

I have still a ton of stone to stow in the tower. You knew yo^ are to 
stow the tea in the steel tank in the store. Ton's tools are still in tcwn, 
and are to stay till the teams are in town. 

Are you still toiling in the tin-store? Tell me the stories of the 
town. Yours 

^L....^.J...L /-.-._ -\ ..^-._>«.A.a__/-,..--,fc--/-.i..v..;... 
/.../. J.__J, .ol._cy.rr../----^_--A. ,.._rr:../-/-J--l.A:r^.....- 



TRANSPOSITION OF THK VOWEL. 15 



CHAPTER 111. 

TRANSPOSITION OP THE VOWEL. 

When the stem is written across the line, the vowel expressed "by the 
length of the stem precedes the consonant inste.ad of following it, as in 
the preceding lessons, thus : 

6te,.ate, aht. awt , Ste, (Tot. ite, oit, out. 

V- ■/• /-•■• . ■/■ ■; -/- -/--/-.-/- 

Observe that the dots used to distinguish the long from the short 
sounds, are placed at the beginning of the stems to show that the vowel 
comes first. , - 

it, gt, at. »t, tit', (Tot. 

-'-■H- ■^--h--l- 

its, Sts, ats. bts, tits, oi)t3. 

-4' 



■^ t- ^--/--/- 



If the S circle begins the stems ete, ate, awt , etc ., they become afite, 
sate , saht , etc > 

sete,sate,saht. sawt ,sote,s(Jt>t. sIte,30it,sout. 

-A--/--- /■• .7--?---7- -/>.-/--y^- 

Sit, sSt,sat, sot, Slit, so^t. 

-A /-■-/•■ .■■f--;---;- 

sgats,saits,sahts. sawts ,s6ats,s<5Dts. sites ,soits ,sout3. 

seten,saiten, satin. 3awten,si3ten,so"bten. sIten,soiten,souten. 

-^- ^•■-^■/■- ^---^--:-/- --, -/-.-../- 

I5te,late,raht. lawt , lot e, loot . lite ,loit, lout . 

-^- -P •/■ ■••^- -7 f- ~p- / /- 



i6 



INITIAL AND FINAL SL AND SR, 



lit-, 1st, lat. 
rete,rate,rah.t . 

~p---P----P- 

rit, ret, rSt. 

■^---P----P-- 



lot, lut,l<tt)t. 

' M- 

rawt ,rote,roDt. 
rSt, rCit, rdbt. 



rite, roit, rout. 

-r—p--f- 



liter , loiter , louter . 

•^ ^ t 



leater,laiter,rahter. lawter, lot er, looter . 

-^--^ -E- -^- ^- ^- 

sittel, Battel, s^ttel. s«ttel,stittel,so1)t0l. 

-'- f f- ^^^ ; 7-" 

INITIAL AND FINAL SL AND SR. 

The doulDle consonant SL is represented "by adding a small hook td the 
S circle. A large hook added to the S circle represents- RS or.SKjthus: 

sl5te, slate, slaht . slawt ,3lote ,slobt . slite ,sloit ,slout . 

-^•-■-■-;•---/- •■•^-- -;--/- -t- /--/-- 



tIsl,t^sl,tSCsl. 

a:..-..,M L 



tSsl,tusl,to"tial» 
'si. :?». 'jit-^ 



teasrjtaisr, taller 
A r^,.... ' 



tawsr ,toasr ,t<TCi5r , 



:l 



tiesr jtoisr jtous, 
.A. r/. 



I 



•WRITING EXERCISE. 

DIRECTION. — Write the following exercises of words and sentences 
through a number of times. The more thoroughly one lesson is learned, 
the easier the next lesson hecomes. Avoid efforts for speed. Write slow- 
ly and carefully. 

Eat , ate, out ,lt .ought ,eat s,its , outs, seats ,sat , set , loot ,let , light ,rate_, 
rat , rot , rut , rout .wrought , suit , soot ,sigbt ,3lt ,right ,writ , sots , suits , sitter, 
setter , late , lot , lit , letters , little , satin , rotten , lighten , later , lighter , 
eating, sitting, it ems, outing, sleet , slate , slat ,Blot ,slut .slight .slighter, 
tassel,tussle,teaser,lltter,v/ritten,-vvriting,rattle,writer.,we. 



THE SYLLABLE RES. 17 



^f-/-f-f-^--g l..:L.A ^.....g:...p....n..^....^.. 

OBSER^TE that all steins beginning with, either L, R,' or SL are \7rit- 
ten across the line. 









= ZLECTED TTCr.DS 








h5-.,:r. -.r.o, 


ir. a, en, 


cr. 


the, en a, my, to be, 


and it, 


and ycu, 


and y-u 


..)...../. 


1 .. 




N 1 


-;--- 


jr__.. 


J" 


"S--- '- -~) 


tha*. . 












>fl--- 


) 




THE S'^T.I.AB'^ E RES 









As the heck and circle representing RS has no meaning as an initial 
net being a dc-iible ccnscnant,it is pronounced R^S when beginning a stem, 
th^S; 

rest'.re, receipt, recite, 

L/ f f 

LETTER . 

Dear Sir:--Ycur letter written in Italy is in time tc suit me . It teli 
r.e you are staying at a city cr town in Italy till autumn sets- it. 

The items in ycur letter en letter-writing cught to suit me and the 
•writer too . Ycur letter tells me that late-eating is the style in the to*n 
ycu are staying in. 

I have a lot of letters to write to Tim, but it is too late for r.e to 
stay in town tc write letters. Sitting on a root in the lot, I wrot^ a lot 
of ifctters to the city to Ten Tower, who writes to me, teasing me on my style 
of writing. Ton tires of toiling in the tin-store, and stains cf tears arc 
in his late letters . 

He rattles on in a light style of stories cf the town, and of his teae^.s 
stplljng,and letting his tools stay in the slot in the stone tower 

"Write to me . Yours 

.^.9... .c/...A..-y-i-..'-i-s/.-,..-^--v-.i-.'::r"....v«..^'_, ^.r 
.1. L.^'' 



i8 



THE CONSONANT D STEM. 



CHAPTER IV. 

THE CONSONANT D STEM. 

The consonajit D is distinguished from T "by a greater slant to the 
left. It takes the same initial and final consonants as the T stem. 

de, da, dah. daw, doe, doa. die, doi, dou. 

dgse,dase,d'as. dos,dOse,d(^.s. dise,dois,dous. 

dis, des, d^s. dbs, dus, do^s. 

dele, dale, dal. dol,dole,d<rol. dile ,doil,doul. 

dil, d^l, dal. d«l, dul, ddtl, 

d«re,dare,dar. dor,<i5re,dcyDr. dire, doir, dour . 

^..-.<:^....^. :c/..:C^-i.c/ .^...zf-...Z^.. 

dene,dane,d^. don,doan,doon. dine,doin,doun. 

.^^'^.J*.../:, 2qL^\c/...'.c/.. ^6....J^../... 

djn, d^n, d&i. di^n, dun, dotin. 

deme, dame, dam. dom, dome , doom. dime ,doim,doum. 



THE CONSONANT D STEM. 



19 



dim, dem, dam. 
ede, aid, ad, 
id, ed, ad. 

-.--/--/:■ 

eder , aider , adder . 



dom, dum, dd^dja. 
od, ode, dod. 
<5d, ud, dtd. 

odder Oder, coder, 



ide, oid, cud. 



e de 1 , aide 1 , adde 1 . 
sede , sade , sad . 



cddel,oadel,oodel, 

'jy- — ^- 



aodjsode ,sood 



ider ,oider jouder. 
ideljOideljCudel. 
side ,soid,soud. 



sSder,saider , sadder . sodder, seder ,sooder. sider ,soider ,souder . 

..^.....^....-..^ .^ ^ ^.. .^....^_ _^. 

oddem,oadein, oodem. 



e dem , ai dem , ad dam . 



idera,oidein, oudem, 

^- -^- -^- 



le del, lade l,raddel. loddel, lodel, loodel. lidel, loidel, loudel 



■^-•--c^--- 



.^..... 



■^- -?^- 



leder , laider , ladder . lodder , loader , locder . -lider , loider , louder 

-e--£---/-- ■•^- <^- J- -<f- •^- -/- 

reder , raider ,radder . rodder ,roder ,rooder . rider ,roider ,rouder 

_^.._.^..._.. /?-. -^ ^......:?.. ..^. ^ yr>... 



dinning , denning ,daijning 



dOnnlng , dunning , dcToning . 
.iol^ :©/_ :.qC.,. 



WRITING EXERCISE. 



Re-write the lines having long sounds on the last page, making the 
dot light to indicate the short sounds. 

WAITING. EXERCISE 

Day, dough, do, die, day, dose , days, doze, dunce, dice, deal, dole, dear , dare, 
door , dire , dower , dean , Dane , Dan , din , den , done , dine , down , doom , dim , dime , dumb I 
aid , add , odd, odder , odor , odors , adders , addle , seeds , sad , sadder , sudden , lead , 
laid, load, lewd, lied, loud, leaders , leaden, laden, louder , re ads , reader, raid,; 
raider , red jredden, rid, riddle, saddle, sidle, led, saddles, ding, raiding, lead- 
ing, loading, dying, dining, dazzle, sled, slid, slide, had. has. 

./...tZ..Z..^....^....v^....Z...Z...g/....^.....^.....^....<J.....^....c/....^.....^_.^...^_ 

A.J...J....s/.....A.../...Q/^.^6.-.6-0^~y;:.y.-..-y-.^-^..^ 
-/--^-■-^---~^--^----A---^-----^~/^-<g----^-^---^y^---.^>~^--^^ 

SELECTED WORLb, 
I, T wish, T was, I am, I shall, have, to have, put, any, may, be, will, 
\_,.,h d_ k:rr>„j». \ , I .^--^.-^--N 



some, had, we, did, and the. 



NOTE. — Shading a stem at the end changes 00 to U longjas .^y^ Tuesday. 

LETTER . 

Dear Sir: — I have your letter of the 3d. I wish to have a load of - ._. 
seeds put in my store at any time it may suit you to-day. I shall not have 
time to attend to it to-day, and Tuesday may be too late. 

I was down in the city to-day, having some dealings to settle, but did 
not have time to eat my dinner in town. 

Some ruts are in the road at the right side, and the teams may not have 
light loads from the slide. I shall have a light load of ties ready to ■'..■..- 
tire any idle teams we may have. The two loads of "Star tile stain" are in 
the store to-day. TSrite to me, and let me know your ideas. Yours 



THE DOUBLE CONSONANT ST. 21 



CHAPTER V. 

THE DOUBIE CONSONANT ST. 

To represent -the double conson.Tunt ST, extend the S circle into a 
sliort , straight tick in the direction of the T stem, thus: 

teast ,taist ,tast. tawst , toast ,toost. tiest ,toist ,toust . 

_^ /-..-._.. /.. _r/_..„../_.... v.. J-.- L /- 



Slanting the tick in the direction of the D stem changes the ST to 
SDjthus: 

teazdjtaizdjtaad. tawzd,toazd,too25d. tiezd,toi2d,toii2d. 

_i .L L _^-_-._-„q/_.-..-c/_. ^ .A il... J.-, 

stete, state, Stat. stawt jstote^stoot. stite,stoit, stout. 

-f—f--f- -h- /- -/- -f---f- /- 

teaster,taister, taster, tawster , toast er,t cost er. tiest'er,toister,tQU3t( 



■ THE PINAL CONSONANTS LT AND RT . 
Iff -and RT may he added to stems hy lengthening the L and the R hook. 



tilt,telt,talt. tolt,tult,toolt 
..i._-.i i... .J. / /. 



deared,daired,darred. dawred,doared,doored. diered,doired,doure(i. 
._<l„„.,c;_ -^.. „c/_.....^..„__c/. .A. A...,..A^. 

THE FINAL CONSONANTS MT AND NT . 
The same principle 'may "be carried out in regard to final N and M. 
t^aat , taint, t ant . tawnt ,toant ,toont. iient ,toint ,tount . 

^.L..,k....L ' ..c/_..-...c/ c/. .A..^J......L.- 



DOUBLE CONSONANTS TH AND SH. 



tindjtendjtand. 

H-......L..:..L.. 



t avmd , tund , t oohd* 



t e amd , 1 8.imd •, t and . 



tavmid,toanid,toomd. tiined,toimd,toun«i. 

.^2^.- d. a... .h h...:...M.. 



tint jtent , taint , 

.b. h A 



tawmt jtumt ,toomt 

-cy. c/. d,. 



DOUBLE CONSONANTS TH AND SH. 

TH, initial and final, is represented ."by a small loop a"bout twice the 
size of the NG loop. 



the at jthait ,that . 

•■•/ /---/ 

dith,deth,dat)i. 



thot ,thoat ,thoot 

■■4--4- -/- 

dawth , duth , dootja . 



thiet jthoit jtbout . 

■/ / ■/• 



SH, initial and final, is represented "by the S circle shaded. 
tish,tesh,tash. 

...i I. /_ 



t awsh , tush , t oo sh . 

.V-...V ./. 



she ad , sh ai d , shad , 



shod , shoad , shood . 

-^■-■/■■■-/- 

THE CONSONANTS OH AND J. 



shied , shoid , shoud. 



CH and J, initial and final, are represented "by a shading at the be* 
ganning or end of a stem 



teach,taich,tach. 

..A- /.. L 



tawch,toach,tooch. tiech,toich, touch. 



jid,jed,jad. 



Jod,jud,joo4. 



The T stem shortened is frequently used as an initial or final. 



THE) FINAL SYLLABLE SHUN. 23 



dete,ctate,dat^ dot , dote, doot, d:ite,doit,dou^. 



/„„/--/- ^_ 



THE •FINAL SYLLABIE SHUN. 

The final syllable TION or SION is added to v/ords by a very large 
oval loop Joined to stems, and inside of hooks. 

di8hen,de3hen,dashen. dawshen,doashenjdooshen. 

,..4____i£:,-„_X -^. ^ .^.. 



The initial hooks R and L are pronounced RE and IE on stems not 
across the line. If these hooks are on the left side of the stems, they 
are pronounced RO and LO. 

TOITING EXERCISE. 

Taste, toast ,test , tossed, teased, dazed, dust , dozed, state , stout , stead, 
steed J stayed, stud, stood, taster, toaster , tester jduster, tilt , de alt , dolt , ' 
tpoled, toiled, doled, tart , tort , dared, tarred, tired, dowered, taint , taunt , time 
tiined, tint, tent , deigned, downed, dined, tanned, tend, teeth, tithe , death, dost, 
that , thought , dash, sheet , shad, shed, shade , shied, shout , shut , shoot .station, 
st at i oner, stationed, shoots, shudder , shutter , dint , dent ,dont, dosed, stouter, 
stuttered, rattled, riddled, teemed, tamed, doomed, tempt ,timed,dimmed,dumpt , 
tender , tempter, dished, doth, tithed, dashed, ditch, touch, teach, stately, re tail 
retain, rotation, redeemed, reduced, date ,dot , dote , tote , toot , tight, cheat , jade 
•ach, leach, reach, liege',siege, latch, sachel, agile , Dutch. ^ .— 

„._i....../...j...._«'--i--^-— 9/-<^-— / — ^.--^-...^11a---/--/-- 

..L.J. .L....^....J.....j^...-.^^.....l...J....^...A,.-ci^^..^Ii.-Ji.-./L..L 

_^_-.<;/....9/..../.....^...../?......^ .6 A..£/ L,..S.....^...CX'... 

^.-...^..„^...^«^..-./.-.:.Z.-../-../ L....f....£....L..3....-6'..9^. 

J....y.....^....l../....t...../....../....../....^.....p.....^....^....ll.....^.....^..../.. 



24 SKIvBCTED WORDS. 



Sf:LECTED YfORDS. 
Have you, you have, he shall, who shall, he is, he was, who is, who was, 

who are, who were, who will, will you, anything, do. you. 

__. - 

NOTE. The initial double consonant ST is generally represented by a 

small semi- circle, the principle of which the pupil will learn as he pro- 
gresses, thus:.„_?.RTATE, _. /.STOOD. 

The shading at the beginning of a stem which crosses the line has the 
same sound as that represented by the letter Y at the beginning of a word, 

thus: .y.YET. 

The aspirate H is represented by a short tick across a stem, thus: 
— ;^HIT^ .,^.HIS. 

LETTER . 

Dear Sir: I have a letter from the agent at Dale station stating 

that the dust from the road settles in the station, and that it ought to be 
reduced on the road. Some of the dirt is tar and dust and steam, and it 'v 
settles on the tools, and dims the lights in the station. 

Have you done anything towards retaining the storm-doors put on ,in 
tiers in the autumn. The agent at the station does not touch the doors in 
attempting to reduce the dust . The two lights in the station are too dim 
to light the station from the steam that settles in the day-time. 

The agent at that station is doihg his duty, and ought to be retained. 
He shall have his rights at any rate, and I wish you to aid me in reaching 
the head of the road. Write me your ideas on that head. Yours 



TRANSPOSITION OF HOOKS. 



' .To facilitate /speed' in writ ing, the hooks L and R on third group 
stems are generally joined- to the left -instead of to- the right side of the 
.t Ijev.3 1 em ; as , 9-^ RI GHT ; -^-. LI GHT . • -. . • . : ' 

'^ "'- Sometimes for convenience in' adding termihationts the final hook 
may be turned on the right side of second group stems, especially when 
the group to which the word belongs is shown by, the initial hook or cir- 
cle; asy J) STORM ,, -2' RUDEER, _^,-. SUDDEN, -.-^..SODDER. 



THE CONSONANTS P AND B. 



25 



CHAPTER VI. 
THE CONSONANTS P ANH B. 

The consonant P is represented by a vertical stem of the same tlireie 
lengths as the T and the D, differing only in the direction of the writing. 
.Care should he taken not to slant the stem to the left .so as to ponfllot 
with the T stem. 

The consonant B differs"from its cognate P only in heing slanted 
.slightly to the right. 

Both the P and the B take the same initials and finals, as the T and 
tiie D. 





Pee, 


pay, pah. 


paw, 


poe, 


poo'.. 


pie, 


poi., 


pou. 




Jr.. 


...i ._ 


J.... 


..i-.. 


. 


J... 


..1... 


...L 


Be. 


-1.-.- 


....V \... 


.,\.... 


.-.V... 


....i. 


\- 


...V- 


..A_ 


Pese. 


i>-. 


_..,k.„.i.. 


A.... 


..A... 


— d-. 


_b- 


...L. 


.±. 


Beest. 


^h- 


„,.v....V. 


.A... 


-A.. 


..A.. 


.v„ 


...V- 


..\- 


Beester 
Beeses. 




::tt 










i: 


±. 


Bele. 


L_._ 


_..v I... 


i-. 


....v.. 


-..-L_ 


^.-,. 


...v.. 


:.\.. 


Pele. 


L... 


.-L L 


. J..., 


-J_.-. 


u 


i...„ 


...L.. 


...i.. 


Pere. 


b.-. 


.....u....i_. 


J.... 


...J_.. 


---L.._ 


h... 


.,L- 


-— j-^ 


Bene. 


_\?-.. 


....W......V.. 


i..- 


,..^_-._ 


.,,1. 


Vo... 


...V. 


..A..; 


Pin. 


.b.- 


....b.-.-L... 


.d— 


..i_.. 


---C-^- 








Beams 


X^... 


..kL....k-. 


.&.... 


-A... 


.A... 


-JP.. 


...b. 


...h... 


Pills. 


.k„ 


....k:-. 


p.. 


.tl.... 


..J... 


-_el— . 








Peald. 


.Ji.. 


...1 


1.. 


.d... 


..i... 


-.J.., 


.ll.- 


..L 


...L. 


Peerd. 


.JJ-. 


...-b...... 


J- 


.d 


...d..-. 


A. 


.U-. 


-b... 


...L 


Peent. 


.h-~. 


....b-J 


1- 


-d-. 


...1-. 


.J.. 


Jb. ., 


-k... 


.i... 


Pitch. 




.J....- 




.1-.... 


1 . 




:v^,. 


.h... 




Seemed. 


...b....k_ 


.d.... 


-A.. 




:.)o... 


Bint. ■ 


.V?-,. 


....V 


V. 


A.... 


..A.. 


.A...... 









26 



THE CONSONANTS P AND B. 



Beeth. 

Bishel. 

Petions 

Spe. 

Bition. 

Spele 

Spere . 

Spins. 

Spilt. 

Steep. 

Theba . 

Peerst . 

Epe. 

Sepe. 

Ea-bt. 

Sips. 

Lepe . 

Leaper . 

Bete. 

Tepe . 

Deep. 

Ripple. 

Reaper. -G* 

Pinning. -^- 



.\>_._.\ V. 

.jk V -V. 

i._-.j). i.. 

1 1 L 

x -V ^ 

X L.. 

A.....L.,.. 
i> L... 

J_....l _JL. 

4 -f---f 

-^- V--V 



p 



■\ 



^ \...._\.. 

_v -V.—.-V... 

A i..-i.. 

3 1 1. 

3- 1_.J.. 

a J....1.. 

3—-.-1 1-. 

1 i..._.L 

■1^-4 ?" 

^--V -V 

«J A 

-I q 

■1- 



J. 



■r- 

■V 

I 
■r- -f 

^/I....^.....A. A 

-i- C- - g 

■E- -G- -3 

h.. -tr, A 



n 



A- 

t 

A. 



V 



a 



r 

£ 



V... 

-t- 


A.. 

v.. 

-1., 
...L. 


-J... 




...L. 





-f- I- 






■•^■-f f- 

■p f-+ 

£:±:t 



NOTE.-- In words of one syllable composed of two stems, both stems 
must be of the same length and group, so as to represent the sane vowel 
sound. 

When two stems of the sa:ne length are joined together, the vowel in 
the second stem is transposed to tlie beginning of the stem, and the word 
is spelled phonetically Be-cte ,Bete ; Ba-ate ,Bate ; Ba-at,Eat; etc. 

D or T before P or B is always written upward. 



Dipper. ^™^--<r::|^.. .o--<^ 



WRITING EXERCISE. 



27 



Tipple 



A. 



A....A.. A...A.-^.A 



D or T following B or P is usually vrritter. upward in the first and 
the third group, and dovmward in the second group. 



Bitter 



\?.. 



c>- 



•>■-> 



Note. — Words selected from advanced lessens for use in sentence- 
writing will "be found in capitals at the end cf each writing exercise. 

CAUTION. — In words of two stems, the side on v/hich the final hook 
is turned on the second stec: determines the gro.up to which the word "be- 
longs . 



■writi::g exerciss. 

Pay , paw, pooh, pie , spay , spy , peace .pace ,pas.s ;P asses .pause , poise ,ples , 
paste ,past , paused .pest .post , spies .spiced, spaced; past or , poster, pester, peal 
pale , pall, pole .pool, pile ,pi 11, piliow,"be 11, hi lly , spool, spill, spell, spills , 
spells .spoils , spear , spar , spire , spears , spars , spires , spoon, sp an, spawn , spun, 
pierce , pulse , pulls , pools ,ape ,up , seap ,sap ,s.op ,soap, soup , sip .sup, sips , saps , 
apes , apple , soaps , slip ,sa.pper . supper ,polish, paying, spying, sipping, stop- 
ping, stepping, punning, paining, spinning, pining ,pas sing, bos sing, poising, par 
ry , Dury , sparrow, slop , suppers , steep , stop , stoop , step , steeper , stopper , steep- 
les , staple s , leap , lap , Icpe , lip , lop ,loop , lips , laps ,reap ,rape ,rGpe ,rap ,rip, 
ripe , ropes , ripple , open , oee , slope ,"based,hoast ,hoost ,'best ,hale jballjhoil, 
iDe 11, bawl, be an ,bane , ban, bone .bo-on ,been ,bun , be an, balm, bo cm, sob , lobe , able , 
sable", label, labor , labors , lubbers ,robe ,rob ,rib ,rub, slippers , , ribbon, rob in, 
stab ; stub , stubble , bother ,bas3es , bosses .bung, pan, bald , poured, port ,pooled,.. 
polled, pi led, boiled, built, build, bo Id, paired, part ,bared ,bored, pinned, pined,' 
point ,pint , pound, bind , spooned, pines , beams , bones , pins , pans ,bcunced, spine , 
push, pot ion, pas si on .patience , patient , port ion, path, bath, both,pith, booth, 
s pec ial,bush, species , steepish, beamed /Doomed, band, pained, pond pent .born , 
Tsourne ,barn , burnt , burst , be ar d, peered, par d, bushes , sleeper ,palLace^ leopard, 
"berth .liable ,appoint , partial, stab led, ballast ,'beat ,bate , but ton , bet tie ,bid, 
"bad ,bode ,buds , bottom, dip , deep, dipper , dapper , spade ,3pit ,spat , spatter , sput- 
ter , spattered; spout , banking , tip , tape , tap , type , tipple , topple , dibble , dab- 
ble , speed, banish, punish, special, especial, slipping, slapping, sharp, BEilll, 
iiAIffi J IKTO , AND VTILL , AN!) uh> , KiZ) ,IS . 



J... 



^Ar^yh 



.L..J.. 



L..i-.j L._.i.._...i L. 



k.J-.-^-J. 



...L<h 'd 



-F---^ 



n...L...&...A..l...-&..X....£....3 3 Is 

i k...l.....b. k...i-....L...L..V.-.L...i'....^....f-..-f.....]:....f....{,....j-...| 

i--F f---V----Fv----v----lr---e-----fr--P-r--P---^ F-;-P-f-t-f-<^- 

i....|...A...i-..i-.....k...li..„.j„..°V...\..j.... v....\3...\5.-A..l.--.^-- 



28 SBIvECTED WORDS. 



V-.-W-W-..1 ;. J.-.U Lj i....^ ^ ^ ^...<<^.j..j. 

l...jf._...|.....'p......\....^....^.....i^....j...,t-— . 

SELECTED WORDS. 
Has, or," as, will, well, can>, of, all, with, wLLh the. 

LETTER . 

Dear Sir: — I have a letter from Dale & Towne posting me on the pay- 
days of the labor at the siding at Penn Station, on your road. 

The labor-boss has no right to pass upon the time of the laborers, 
He has no right to decide who shall or who shall not be paid on the road's 
time-table. 

The slope at the siding is not too steep, and the dirt will not slide 
down, bat beams ought to be put in at each ten-rods space to separate the 
siones from the dirt at the top of the road-bed . 

Do not push the boys laboring on the siding too steadily, but have all 
isettle down to the job, not being partial to any. Be patient with the spe- 
cial labor, and you will attain speed. 

I have no special items for you to-day . Let me have a letter from you 
on Tuesday as to the doings of the labor-bosses, and report the leaders at 
any attempts not to do right by the laborers. Yours 

/_^....^...^._.._^..\..i..:...^.._6...A..,. •..|...y..^...^.../.. 




SELECTED WORDS. 29 



SELECTEB WORDS. 
Always, also, all the, into the, can, to be, I will, dq you, did 7:14 

-^-'--^--^ — -- V «'--^----^-- 

could, did it, were, which, been, ought to be. 



^ .rrr: / \, 



NOTE. — Speed is often gained by writing the D stem upward. In such 
cases the reversal of the stem causes the hooks to be reversed, thus: 

door, done, laid, raid, read, red, does, lead, readily. 



All stems used as finals may be shortened to indicate that they end 
with T or D,thus: 

Tippe-d, tapped, topped, pit, pit ted, pate, pajt,pat|ted, dipped, dubbed, daubed. 



LETTER . 

Dear Sir:--I have not paid a bill from the building repairers I'cr the 
buiiding of the boom at the upper dam in the Third Pool. The repairo were 
all put on the dam at some time in April, and all the bills for the labor 
have not been paid . 

I was told by the boy who passed the bill to me that some of tho la- 
borers at the dam have not been paid, which is not right, but I am not able 
to better it . 

Can you not put the items of labor done on the dam into a separate 
bill, and have it passed upon by the Board some special day that tho Boarfl 
leaders attend. I hope you will put up the bills in the right light, end 
do your best for the boys, who ought to be paid . 

Anything you can do will be reported and put down for you in the ri2:ht 
light . Yours 

f ...^i.-:v..-e....a..A..x_,..A7..^.^^^,.r..i..J. • . 



30 THE CONSONANT STEMS K AND GAY. 



CHAPTER Vll. 
THE CONSONANT STEMS K jAND GAY. 

The consonant K is represented by a straight horizontal stem of 
three different lengths , haying the same initial and final circles and 
hooks as the stems T and D. The dot aboye the stem shows it to he of 
the first group; under it, the second group. 

G (pronounced GAY") , the cognate of K, differs from K only in the di- 
rection of the writing, the former being slanted downward slightly, 

.G(gay)in shorthand has -always the hard sound, as in GAME. 

Kee, kay, kah. kaw, koe,'koo. kie , koi, kou. 



ske. " 

keses. ^^-— -rr^^ —,,,.^ - 

kiste 

Kele. -^i — •=^- ^'--'^ - .-zro— 

kene. ri?.--=r:?_rrrr?_- r^?— 



,. ^._.,_^.._^... .^_.^._^. ^...^..^.. 



kerne 



z^-zrrP.-^rr^- .32„nD-Tm,- :^..._D__.-_0. 



^___.^^J>_^.^^-2>_ -^ — :o^_-— 70.__ ^_ 



kears. =^ -• ■ -^^^ — rrrs>. 

skim. 2z?S^. -- f- - -Q . . flO^-FTX)- T- ^-. -O - - ?:P.^9rrQ-9-.-Q, 



ekel. 
leke . 
lik. 






liker * 

ghe. 

gese. 



•^ 



THE CONSONANT STEMS K A.ND GAY. 31 






gil. 

keend. ^^-rrr^^^-^rrrd^-. .iC -17725.. ^-rrrnj- .^,_=r=Q„.rrTr^... 

geard. rQ— -]rtS>,_r:r9?-^ .IS n^— .^r:^-. r^ — .-r^_.:rr:S>- 

geand. r:P- - — "^^P- .:rr^=P-. . T2^ r:::o--.~:Tr<6-. ;d?--.-r-:P--.t:=r=p, 



keald. =^— 

gith. rs..— r^~^.-.-rr=^, .-:!=i...„r75^_-'_-n:js 

i 
gishd. ■=* rtr^.-^.Trr^,- rs.^ .^rr«5 rrrrr 

gisher. ^■:r€---.-Trre-.:Trr:e., .•:&.-<-- ^.__-r5-.-,:rrr 
ketion. =4?^—.i:.:-gQ-, --.-<? .. ■ .rso r^t^ -S^ 



ke ach . 

stig. 

gete. 

tik. 

kepe . =^ 



zxx 



kipt. 
kit. 
peke . 

peakt" 



f — _ _ 


"Zl 


..p 


I"- 


I- 


1" 


—7--- 

L 


L 




L... 


L 





,^...^.. ^....._,...^... ^....^....^. 



L L U L L L- u L L- 

J,-.— L_....L. .L L I J,. L L 



CAUTION. — Do not forget that the dot at the "beginning of a stem 
ijidicates that the vowel l.-n the stem precedes the consonant. 



32 WRITING EXERCISES. 



VmiTING EXERCISE. 

KEY, caw ,coo ,coy ,a(cow,key3 ,case ,oows .kiss ,oast ,cost , caused, ooast , 
coaster , keel, call, coal, cooljki 11, coil, cull,k in, ken, csune .c aim, comb , cares , 
'scheme , skim, sciici, scaly, school, scare , scar , score , scour , skein, scan , cases , 
causes ,eke , ache, oak, aches , ax, ox, leak, lake , acres , rockers , liquor , gay , go , 
geese , goal, ghoul, guile ,gear ,gore , gain, gory , gone , gun, game , gum, gills , goals, 
eggs , leg , lag , log , lug , league ,rig , rag ,rug , rogue ,gasses , guesses , killed ,■ 
called , c old , gold , gilt , callow, carry ,curry, culled, card, cared , gourd, canned , 
gained, cash , gash, caution , scared, scored, scoured, skinned, scowled , scold, 
skiramed, scanned , thick, thug , kith, gush ,king ,gong ,gang , regale , current , ac- 
count , occ as i on , occurred , cask, regard , record, slick, slack, sluggishly , slag, 
tick, ticked, tickle , tackle , talk, talked , tuck, took, tucked , tacked, pi eked , dig 
duck, keep ,kept ,cape , caper , copper , cooper , skipper , cod, code , pack, packed , pack- 
er , pickle , pig ,pug ,poke , back, bac ked ,bag , bog ,bug ,book: could , cat , caught ,coat 
kitt en, cotten, cutter .digger ,dog ,dug ,gate ,goat ,good , guide ,goad , baker , back- 
er, got, scattered , cobble , again , skimming ., looking , leaking , picking, talking, 
scheming , cunning, causing, guessing , kitchen , catch, package ,guage , sketch, sage 
cottage , check, cheek , j ack, choke , girl, goaded, OUT ,Y/HAT . 



SKIvBCTED WORDS. 



33 



SELECTEQ WORD!^ . 
Has, we, good, our, this, make, made, has been, 



/- 



LETTER 



Dear Sir:--l3hall not be in town to-day in time to attsnd lo the buy- 
ing of the ballast we werj speaking of. It is not my purpose to incur ex- 
penses at this time, but to have all' our accounts collected , and our books 
put into good shape . 

T cannot take the time to look into the case you spoke of to-day. It 
is possible I may have time, but by doing this at this time, it will not be 
possible to have a correct copy of the report aado in time for the Board. 
The Scheming in the Board has been going on for some time, and the schemers 
ought to be caught up In it . 

Your expense account is at hand . I have talked to our book-keeper as 
to the' items incurred, and it will be 'all right, but we hopo you will be cau- 
tious in incurring expenses not called for. 

We have been expecting your account for some time, and were in hopes of 
having a good report . 'We hope you will have good luck in collecting our 
accounts, as our books arb back, and ought to be settled. Go ahead rapidly, 
'irith due caution, in the collection of your bills. Yours • 



f:-S-7-^-^-/-i 



/:--.w../.../._/-.v. N..V..-o...e= 



-- Y-x -^-.^. 




STEMS OF DIFFEREITT LENGTHS. 



Depart , debar ,booty , party , palter , b or der , pec an, began , begun , be came , 
"become , pulp it , builder ,scattered ,cattle , epic , edict , operation , cabal, copper , 
cooper , captain , deport , dictation,Duquesne , dapper , turkey, candor , camper jatido 



34 



STEMS OF DIFFERENT LENGTHS. 



abrupt , addict , aggregation , appendix appertain, at tic jTaackobne ,TDail-"bond , 
bandy , banter , bargain , barricade , barter , base-ball, batting-,beaidle ,beaicer ; 
barn-door , becalm, beguile , beside , bespatter , betoken , betook, binder >bolster7 
caboose , calico ,carnpaign, candy, cannibal, carbonic ,catarrli,castigation , cast- 
ing, guitar ,coat , coating , collapse , cordage ,correspond,dis.appoint , county, 
countess , cowardice , obstacle , abstain ,cuspador , dispel, deter , disport , dis- 
dain , Boston, pis ton , garden ,recall,regale , repel, repeal, repeat , record, re- 
gard , retire , recoil, racket , gabble , cobble-stone ,tea-kettle-,rapid, robust , 
carpenter , bene diet ion, Ob ligation, report , despair , det our , disburse , dispense , 
dispatch, potato, tobacco , superintend .possible ,upholstery, purposely, lega- 
tion , characteristic , reptile , reduced, beginning , abrogation, subrogation, op- 
erator , expend , expand, expense , expert , expire , expatiate , export at ion , expira- 
tion , technicality, collect , recollect , cap able , Bible ,distinct ly ,corporation, 
departing, detain , education-, despise ,despicable, radical, pardonable , addition- 
al, pet it ion, re tire , ag i t at i on , agitate , expect , expect at ion, start ling, ter- 
rible , toxication , 'depository^ wrecked, oppose;.Opposite , bellicose , politi- 
cal, barber , barbarity , respond , exciting , exceedingly , lo c ality, FROM, OVER , OUR , 
WITH , ^ATLTHOUT ,THAT , MIGHT , COULD , GOOD , ON ,MY ,BUT ,AS . 






3S2:Slt:2, 







^ 



-f- 



:teS5£2:Js£;::i 






.^. 



■■(- 



If a lengthened hook is shaded,it also has the sound of CH or J, thus: 
Courage , college ^bilge , barge , pinch, bunch, passage , carriage , dirge . 



k b_ ^ >,. 






/^ 



SELECTED WORDS. 35 



SELECTED WORD:^ 



Vet, so. so that, although, what, with ar.d will, tr.dr, . 

-/— ^--'^- y-— - ^~ ■■--' « 

NOTE.--The shading of the st em TflLL. at the end reprr^sonls the sound 
YUH; as, Y?TLL YOU. The R hook shaded rer>r^sents YUR; as,.^^-'.V!LL VO'JR. 

LETTER. 

Dear ?^irt--7;e have a big stock of upholstery in our stor-;,c-t have not 
yet opened it up for the inspection of the public, as our bills of lading 
for part of the stock have not yet corae to hand . 

We shall purposely extend the tine of our openingto the beginning of 
October so that the agitation the opening will excite will be a distinct 
gain to our stand, at a reduced expense. 

This departure by us will betoken a distinct educational gain, although 
it is additionally radical in point of time, and will keep the cunning cor- 
porations guessing as to our purpose in so doing. 

In the case of heating our store, we have but two tons of coal still in 
our coal-bins. VThat we have is part dust and dirt, and causes dust to set- 
tle on our goods, besides it does not burn I'eadily. 

It is possible that we can make what we have in the bins do till you 
can put in an additional load or two, not lat-.^r than Tuesday. Yours 



c/ 



^ 



.^-^. 



36 THE CONSONANT STEMS F AND V 



CHAPTER VI 11. 

THE CONSONANT STEMS F AND V. 

The consonant E is represented by a vertical curved stem. The con 
sonant V is similar to Fjhut slanting a little to the right. All curved 
stems take the circles and hooks on the concave side. 



vee. 
eve . 
if. 
sev^. 

fis. 
Ifife. 
vele . 
vil. 
refe. 
rif . 
ver© . 
feme . 
kefe, 
fin. 
vene . 
fish, 
chafe . 
feath. 
theaf . 



fee 


, fay, fah. 


faw, foe, foo. 

J I ).-.. 

l..-._V. 


fie, foi, fi}U. 

-(....-C L 


-Ic- 


-v-v 


---V -V 


■^--^-A- 




33: 

..i. L 


t:±±. 








,t-i.:± 








-^ -^ -^-- 








2:2:11 

J_.._,l k. 


-"t — [—[ 

.fe k..-k5. 




;±:i 


i:±± 


, -t......i._.i. 


-i-~- 


(- (- 


.5...._.).._.-.4_ 


^ f (■■ 



THE CONSONANT STEMS F AND V. 37 



fip. 
veab. 



V---V-V- =1- ^- V- ■v-^--S- 



Ttie stems T and D are usually written upward in the first and the 
third group, and downward in the second group when followed by F -or V. 



::::t::2:rt:::5:t3:::z::J:t::i 

veke. .L..-.-W.-L^ .■\„-\_...\_:. V^„-..V_..Ss=_, 

The aspirate S is indicated by a short tick across a stem, at the 
beginning for the first group, and at the end for the second group. The 
shaded tick represents the long sound, and the light tick the short sound. 



heve . 



•v-^-4, - V ^- V- ^--^ V-- 

orten the F and the V stem to add T or U. 

4--4 1-..- \- I I - [-.-. 



Shorten the F and the V stem to add T or U. 

peaft 
keavd, 

If the third stem of the second group is shaded slightly at the 

end of the stem, it takes the sound of long U instead of 00; also shading 

a hook or circle gives it the sound of long U,or the sound of Y beginning 
a syllable , thus : 

tune ,pure ,cure , few, view, value , beyond, pecuniary . 

.^_ .J..nrr:,..i ."i L. ^......L:r^._... 

When the curve of a stem is almost a semi-circle , it has the same 
effect as if the stem were written across the line; that is, the vowel 
comes first . 

miTING EXERCISE. 

Fee , foe , fie , vie , evil, if , of , eve ,awful,f ace , foes , loaf .vice , leaf ;f ew, 
fewer , viewer , future , voice .vows , leaves , lave , laugh , lives ,f eel ,f all , fill, 
fell, fail, fool, file, folly, fowl, veal, vile ,rif e , rifle , raffle , safer .cipher , 
cave,cough,skiff , effect .vital, voter , feeder, fiddle , deceive .deceiver , fog, 
f ig, fury .fir ey .vogue .pave .fact .puff ,river .rover .over .fierce .force .farce , 
rafter .rueful. cuffy. filly, foil, sphere, forests, gulf , curve .careful, carve , 
devout , defeat .terrific .fender , defender , discover .deliver .definite , testify, 
develope,feigning,fan,fun,finder, fainter, founder .fatal, fat ten, faltering, 



38 



WRITING EXERCISES. 



faker ,f ishes ,faith, faithful. even , paver ,neaver .puffed ,peovish ^beef ish ,f oot 
ish, before ,bef all, befell ,defa7iing , difricul'y , caved , revoked , deficit .de- 
ficient ,pac if J c ,benef it ,beneficial , specif ic .feature .foresight .defined , law- 
fully ,filte red ,def er , refer .effective , telepj-n iie , of f icialJ.y , forr.i, perver- 
sions jdevot J on , bereft .berecive .ventilate .feeling .fearing , failing .falling . 
vivid ly , haver sack ,he av i ly , hove , hover in^- , r eve aled , van i ty , fore st all , per- 
fect ly , supervisor .deference .deferred ,refer-red, alive , ovenue , scoff .cough, 
cuf f eti , siif ficiently .feather .dividend , revising .defiant .fulfilled, forcible 
r e f orra , f e rv i d ly , f o r f e i t , 7KEY . TiIEKF. , Cim , BKE:; , THI S . VF.RY , /vi'TEK . 



IJ. 



.So f.. 

._L.J L-..a. 



■^^ -{ ^ )^ ^ ^0 ^ k J ^ ^ >■ 

-^--^ ^ Q G--G G---G-^-^-.^ t: ^-^-^ 

-^-^ -^ U-..-L,...J X^[. L ^....^ r^ y...is...... 




5. 



.,r^^. 



<%- 



V-^-i 



q) 



,L...4...J.... J. 



"C" 



FINAL MB At^D MP. 

The final M circle shaded takes the sound of MP or MB . 

CajrfipyPtiinp,poinp,scainp,diimp ,damp»scimp,piirfp ,tarnp .decaiip .stamp ,buinp , 
gimp , encaJTip >vainp , chump , j ump , champ . 




.d..S^=r^..Q^....<^.. 



Q-D 



A 



X) 



.L...A 



.w.iy..„.o^. L 



SKLECTKD WORDS. 39 



SELECTED WORDS . 
This, order, us, by us, by his, of our, of your, of that, any that. 

•^-■-■^-■■J- ^ -t ^ ^ ^ ^—^ 

NOTE.-- If the F stem be made very short, it has simply the sound of FT; 
US ^n/_^\SYl, I PUFFED,©tc. The same principle applies to all curved stems 

LETTER . 

Dear Sir: — Your favor of the 22d was received this A.M., and I beg to 
state that you do not specify in your letter what kind of leaf tobacco you 
will have your order filled with. Our Havana filling will cost you 30jiJ 
a pound delivered on board cars. The Keystone Puffs are in good repute, and 
go off rapidly, retailing at Qf. apiece . 

TThat effect the tariff revision will have on our exports of Havana to- 
bacco we cannot at this period foretell, but we hope stocks may be reduced 
safely . 

In a few days the purpose and effecta of the radical revision will ap- 
pear sufficiently to forestall any deleterious effect; and the beneficial 
effects, if any, will be in force, and will aid us in disposing of stale 
stocks. By that time the object to be attained by the revision will appear 

After fulfilling our offer made to you some time ago to give you the 
full benefit of any defects which might be found in the goods bou^t of us, 
and obtained by you on your latest order, we feel that our obligation is 
binding upon us; and if you can specify any defects, we will willingly make 
the goods all right with no expense to you . Yours 

^....>).....x^...->--c|.-ti-|-^-^--^-^-^-— --^-- 



40 SELECTED WORDS. 



SELECTED WORDS 
On, our, careful, they, out, but, which, after. 

_...-.. A-Tl,.-....). , A-._^ ,.. 



LETTER . 

Dear Sir: Af^er fulfilling our offer to give yen the full benefit of 

any defects which might Le found ift your bill of goods obtained by you on 
Tuesday the 10th inst.,we ^eg the fuvcr of your aid in overcoming a few ob- 
stacles which appear in our path. A careful inspection of the goods on our 
pai^t does not bear out your objection that they have been spoiled in the ma- 
king, and that the cotton fibre is rotten. 3/ accident you may have picked 
upon a piece which had been exposed to the action of the dye-stuff for too 
extended a period of time^but the entire piece cf caliccy v.ill net be foujid 
to be in that state. Hoping for your approval of a portion of the stock, we 
are. Yours truly, 



^-V-i- 



/-/-f---^-4--^-->--v--^--%'K-^-- 



WRITING EXERCISE. 



CHAPTER IX. . 

The consonant S is represented by a curved stem slanting tc the 
left. Z is represented "by a similar stem ^Arith a still greater slant 
to the left . 





se , 


s ay , s ah . 

./. f.. 


saw 
J... 


soe , 


7 


s-ie, 


soi, 


sou. 

r 


sese . 


..^... 


A. 


.L 


lese. 


■f- 


-f--f 


■>- 


....y 


-;- 


-r 


f 


-f- 


rese . 
sele. 


-r-- 


-11 


9- 


1: 


-i 


p- 


■1: 


1 


sere . 


..c 


..L..A 


J.. 


:t/... 


:i.. 


.c... 


,.d.... 


L. 


seme . 


.6.. 


..£..A . 


.0/.. 


...(y... 


cJ 


.6.. 


.....6„. 


..L 


seke , 


..^- 


...L...U ■ 


.^- 


/ 


7 


_4.. 


/ 


/ 


sint . 


.i-. 


...i L : 


.cy... 


.A.. 


..A 








seald. 


!..„ 


J... ^ 


.^-. 


^ 


...l. 


X-.. 


i 


...L 


sege. 


./._ 


../-_/ 


7..^ 


/. 


J.. 


/.,„ 


..(.... 


.1. 


zele. 


.^. 


__c„../: 


s/... 


.,.-/... 


..../ 


X... 


.-.^-,„ 


„£ 




Y— 

_/.__ 


-:f:l 


-J... 


/., 


/ 




f- 


f 


seath. 


A.. 


J... 


.7 


seash. 


.i_. 


..1..J.. 


V... 


J 


J.. 


.^... 


..J.... 


...I 


sissior 


.L. 


A.J.. 


.^. 


.J... 


1 








seakt . 


..4- 


.L L 


A.. 


.J... 


.J.. 


L._, 


...L... 


../.. 



V.'RITTXG EXHKCISE. 

See ,say ,?.a^r ,sq ,sue ,sign ,ease , ace , ooze , is , ceased , size ,hiss-, lease , lace 
loose .lose, race , rice, rouse , seal, sale , soul, soil, silly ,se 11 , sour , sore ,soak, 
s ack, city .sicker ,cai son , ask , busy ,cczy .baser .ha^e ,cl^isel, j est le , si Ik, silky- 
rustle ,v/re5tie .razor , racer .escape .soiled , sold .seldom , seared , sword ,sired , 
soured, signed ,hose .sound .sounder .centre .saunter .seem, same , sax^e .zone .soon, 
seemed, sailed, s ilken .silver .sung, sunk , sulking , seize . rescind , syndicate ,5^- 



42 INITIAL R AND ly. 



gacity,fancy, suspend , suspenders ,ascertain , design , designing , posit ion , 
possession , successful, sustain, suspicion, sincere , assist , south, desire , re- 
cently , saint ly ,husk, est ate , just ,ciiest , jester ,hesit ate , resultant ,choo»e 
persistently , resolutely , sulphuric , result , pursuance , decision , reasonable , 
disaster, so licit , assemblage , assailed , chose ,f acility ,december , desolate , 
stipulate , design, associate , re si due , resign , sully , sing ,sang , song, sinning , 
sunning , signing, sailing, be siege , such, sausage , cheese , exalt , exult , excite ^ 
exhaust , exact , excise , exist , exempt , exert , singing , astonish, exa^r ate j exagg- 
eration, sizzle , fizzle, visual, sliver , slavery, sledge , slovenly , purchase , 
apologist ,of f icer . 

(---'■ -^ /--/— 6 ^-....y....y ^.....^- i ^ r 

.f.^.....i.....j. p. p c....._C J___C. c._,..L. L^..J...l^....L^....j.. 



Co 







^- -(- fe^--<^-<^-.^--^-i.-..fi-..A,--^->...^..V.-.^-'g ^■ 



_<r^-....f-.--;=^ ^w'-.-TrZ Q...J. /.L/.-.-e^. (i3.....d h- (!-. 



INITIAL R ANT; L. 

The initial R and L hook^ lengthened are .pronounced as syllables 
v;ith the vowel sound first,th\is: 

Eiirk.airk.ark. Ork ,oark,oork. irk,elk,alk. olk,ulk,oolk. 



Architect ,urge , argue , orbit , album, elder , allegation, alligator , elbow, 

s-^- ;^--5^^---A;- 1 <^- ^i^- ^ 5 

alter , ulterior, alphabet , ulcer, aloof, aloft , altercation, ordeal, organize. 

X.. h. i^ ..d. .j). 5 :^?- 2 ^ 



SELECTED WORDS. 



43 



SELECTED WORDS. 



To sell, to do, we will, we are in receipt, of it, every, as soon as, 

-r--r---- ^ ---.-.-A. 

one, all the. 



V- 



LETTER. 

Dear Sir: We are in receipt of your favor of Aug. 9th, asking for catalogue 

and discount list of our latest styles of ges .stoves and fixtures. Our la-. 
test catalogue is in type, "but ha« not yet been received by us. We are loolt 
ing for tidings of it every day, and will favor you with a cop y as soon as 
it is received by us. Our stock is a good one in all the latest styles, and 
we are keeping well up with the times. 

We are sparing no expense, and cost is not an object if we can benefit 
sincere purchasers. 

•We have been asked to sell to syndicates for the purpose of raising tie 
cost of gas fixtures, but have steadily refused to do so. In pursuing this 
course we have come to a reasonable decision to assist such purchasers as 
choose to deal steadily in our goods. 

We will soon come into possession of a stock of fancy designs, which will 
be on exhibition after December. We have seldom seen sales so well sustain- 
ed at this period in the fall, and hope it will kaep up. Yours truly. 




-"n— 



. L ^ /f, / 



l..,j. 



y--^-^ 



X 




b...r.-..j...4...^^....|..._.',.^. 



44 SELECTED WORDS. 



SELECTED VTORDS , 



To say, That thev of it, ther« are, there were, however, other, 



LETTER. 

Dear Sir: Regarding your letter of the 4th, we have to say that we cannot 

judge causes except by results. You say that your efforts have not result^ 
od in such success as you might reasonably have expected, and that you can- 
not afford to lose the time spent in going from town to town, and making eve- 
ry effort possible to succeed in taking orders, and yet feel that the re- 
sult 3 are not what they ought to be. 

We have to say that all our agents do not succeed in making even a good 
living selling our goods. The fact is some agents are not adapted to such 
positions, and cannot make a success of them. 

There are agents, however, who will pursue no other occupation separate 
from our. Their order books are filled every evening with fine orders for 
goods, and who feel that they have found the right calling. Yours truly, 






tJLl 



%-\ 










SELECTED WORDS. 



45 



SELECTED WORDS. 
When vou, with vou, come, where, about, and that, just, if I were, 

-^- ^-.™--r_, \ L J , 



LETTER. 

Dear Sir: When you coma to th« city on Tuesday, the 10th, will you kindly 

call at ray office. T have several offers to purchase your stock at par, and 
if you are still desirous of disposing of it at that figure,! shall have no 
difficulty in securing' a buyer. 

Since your last-visit to the city, there has been a boom in stocks of 
this kind, and there is no telling where it will stop. I have an idea that 
good stocks have not yet reached the top, and that buyers are perfectly safe 
in investing in coal and gas stocks at par. 

Our State is going ahead with full steam on, and I see no stopping point 
in sight just at this time. If I wore buying securities of this kind, I . 
should not hesitate about dealing, as every stock I know of seems to be en- 
tirely ssund, and to be operating on a sound basis, and not likely to encoun- 
ter any severe obstacles soon, subject, of course, to accidents not at this 
time visiljle. Yours truly. 



J 



> 



c 



■^-4 



■X 



\--/- 



:i_jo 




46 



THE CONSONANT STEM W. 



CHAPTER X. 

THE CONSONANT STEM W, 

The consonant stevci W is represented' Vy d curved stem v.-ritten up- 
v/ard , slanting to tlie~right. 



we , way , wah 



v.'aw, woe , wo (3 



v/ie , v/oi 



Vrnen the vowel is transposed hy writing the stem across the line 
the accent is on the second syllable. 



ewe , away , awali , 



aw aw , a.v/oe , awoo 



awie , aw 1 , awoi 











^ ^^ 



J 



i^ 



u.U 







/- 



l-J, 



K-f! aiid T\7 are doutle consonar-.ts , and , in cpnnection with their vowel 
sounds, are pronouiiced as one syllable , thus : Kwe ,k:wa .lo.vah , kwaw.lrwo ,kwoo , 
kwi.kwoi ,l<?.vou . 



WRITING EXERCISE. 



47 



umiTItfG EXSIiCiSE. 

We , way , woe ,woo , swan, wine ,wane ,weep ,wif e ,wait ,win ,woes ,wit , swoon, week 
wake , winter , wonder , waistcoat , wicked, wabble , awhile , swain ,waif ,with, swath, 
swill, swell, swale , swim, swam, swore , wealth, worth, welsh, we Iter .warder .wider , 
western ,Y/est .waste , wi st f ulwatchful, witch, wench, vrings", awaiting , walking , 
wakeful, wheel, whale , whack .weakening .willow, wallow, weary, worry , wo oly, wil- 
ling .winning , twill, twist , dwelling .whistle .beware , bewail, quail, quill , queen 
squall, queer , squeal, squint .tweak. dwindle , twine . subsequent .equal .equip . 
exquisite .exorbitant , exhibition .extinct .exterior .expound .executive , execu- 
tor , exercise , exculpate , excuse , execute , expect , expedient , exile , excessive , 
example , exhort , bewilder , squabble , squalor .liquidate .request , , equivocate , ac- 
quaint , qualm , quaker , quake , wither .v/eather .v:hether .v/hither . qualify .WERE . 
WHY, WHERE, TO HAVE , ALLOW , YOU ARE, YOU WERE, AS SOON AS, AS SOOIT AS POSSIBLE. 



^ 



-^--^- 
..<^..-^. 






.<c::9...<^...^-..--^-.-.<y.. 



^..^..-..^. 






.^... 

^-..^?_ 



^. 






-/^ 




THE PREFIXB CON AUD COM. 

Ihe prefixs COX and COM are represented by the initial N circle for 

CON, and the initial M circle for COM, thus: 

Contain .consist .content , connect ion .contain .conjecture .confession .con- 
ditional, confide , consent , con suit , conceal. confine , conducive .consistent .con- 
summation ,cons\ijne , con quest .concussion , conciliate , concise .conduct .conviiice, 
consolidate .conjure , concur , confer , conviction , console , company, compare .com- 
position , compose ,ccrif ort , compel, compute , compact .compound .competition , 
combine , concord . condense .condole ,conf ect ioner .commit .comrijOdicus , compact , 
compassion ,cor.pile , compulsion . 

.c-:x-.-^--/?^-.-X-..c?...cr.-r:'-.--or-o..._.(?_-....^.._.Z £^...^...J , 

^ i L.,.j.._i.....^ ...d. v .9 a n 1 i 



48 SELECTED WORDS. 



SELECTED WORDS. 



After, after that, after all, was, was it, was that, was there 



-;- 



LETTER 



Dear Sir: After due deliberation we have decided to accept your offer. If 

we had consulted our own feelings simply, not taking into account the compe- 
tition wo have to contend with, and to attempt to conciliate the opposition 
to iis,and to convince "our consul that our course was still consistent , we 
might have refused the offer of the combine , but after taking into account 
all th« items composing the difficulties we have to contend against, we have 
decided to consolidate. 

Our Board ought to be convoked soon so as to ratify our action and 
..Tuake it legal. 

We have no hesitation about going into the combine, as we are putting 
our stock in at a good valuation, and in case of a conviction on our part 
that the operation is not conducive to the well-being of the stockholders, 
we are at liberty, on such conditions, to talc® our stock out again at a fair 
valuation. Yours truly. 



^.. /-..?.. ^^L^.-:^...o^. 



.^-v--^--7.-v^-.--X^../...z....>...^....._./-.x.... 



V 



FINAL T or 



The shortening of a consonant stem until it is little mor^ than a t ' "> 
signifies that it ends with T or D,thus: 

Divide, defeat, decide, as it, if it, cf it, would, for it, quite, quit 



THE CONSONANT STEMS M AND N. 



49 






ANT! K, 



The cj^-j ntr.t stem Mis reprejentod by a cui-yed horizontal r^tonr. The 
c\en:;> ^oT tii*^ rscond gr.oup are slanted dovmv/ard slightly to render thera 
r.-ro diat'.nc'"- from the first group. 



me , may , mah . 



maw, moe , moo. 



mie , moi 



As the horizontal steins are not \vritten across the line to indicate 
tha't the ^Vfewel is at the beginning, the same fact, is indicated by giving 
the "stems a greater curve. The same rule extends to all curved ster.is, 
naciely , that the transposition of the vowel is indicated by giving a 
greater curve to the stems. 



im. 



erne , aim , ahm . 



-0»- 



on, ome , ocm. 



ime , oim, oum. 



.r^. 



The consonarit N is represented by a horizontal stem curved in the 
opposite direction from the VI stem. 



ne , nay, nah. 



naw, no^, noo, 



nie, noi, now. 



ene. -^-— ^<<.-'^^^- 
in. -^— -^^--W^- 
reme . . c^.-.-CT^-.-C - 
mere . -T:^---rrTl:5-^.TTT:: 
leme . .c:^---cr:7-.-.<r!T^ 

mene . -':T>---rrTCi-Cr7t^, 
mim. ."^^ - - rTD _rrTX 
re. .J . -^.^-.S;:-x.-S^-^ 












r:::^-. 



-':o.-3>'-'3^. 



.rrr>-— ^T^- 



.<^*i._C^-5i-^- 



WRITING EXERCTSK. 











WRITING EXERCISE. 

Me jinay , maw, my , mow, knee , know, gnaw, new, nigh, nay , now, roam, re am, rhyme , 
lame , lime , loom, mare ,mar ,m:,3re , mo on, mire , main, mo an', mine ,nose ,knees, kno^A(£ , 
nice , mice ,rtoise, mouse ,mace , roomer ,'knave ,f ore ign, balmy , tony ,cony ,maay , noi- 
sy , money , many , amnesty , ounce , lounge, round, funny , china, own, most ,masses , men- 
tal, mister , inspire , render , lender ,mill ,mole ,mile , male , mountain ,mission, 
nation , national, not ion, mint , me ant , moaned, mind, mound, named, noma nation, 
nominal, me It , corner ,column,'baiance ,mist ,chin , notch ,nitch,m.atch,maj or ,much> 
j am, gentle , Gene sis ,mi sty , mastiff, range , ranch, stormy , owners , seas on, vicin- 
ity , inducement , assignment , equipment , systematic ,monopoly , renewal, chajinel, 
negotiate , him, ham, hum, hamper , hanker ,hone , hunker , moaning , remaining , motion- 
ing , moving ,emotional, me How, appearance , management ,f inane ial, enchant , ten- 
dency , documents ,nohility , manufacture , unload, injunction, department , locomo- 
tion , navigation , unpardonable , remittance , to-morrow, amicable , domestic , mis- 
take ji^echanic , intelligent , indulgent , standard, emphatic , denial, misrepresen- 
tation , accommodate , infer , inference , inferred, unlikely , announced, maintain, 
passenger ,material, immaterial, invariable , acknowledge , despondency , informed 
information , enumeration ,necessity , necessarily , submit , admit , inquire , peasant 
annual, mediate , inward , economy , economical, righteousness , exonerate , exchange 
excellent , excellence , inquire , equivalent ,equa:"iimity , opportunity , examina- 
tion , furnish, furniture ,undismayed , admission ,unable , inability , occurrence , 
meantime , memorandum, government ,reG ommend,enj oyment , maximum, insert , inser- 
tion ,dev elopement , engagement , encouragement , currency , entire , differential, 
demolished , infidelity , inhabit , assassination , insti tut ions ,re^nf ore ed, mag- 
nificence , diminish, penalty , utterance , meteoric ,monsters",maghitude , dishon- 
est, insensible, annuity , damage , namely, customer j mile age , percent age , immedi- 
ately ,unansv/ered ,raaiiipulata , imagination , misapprehend , annointment .moment , 



WRITING EXERCISE. 



51 



angel, reverent ial , image , countenance ,maj esty, minister , miscellaneous , desti- 
ny , engaged, arranged , steamer , indorsement , consummation , legend , mot her ,emtalm 
i'ng, inch, hinge , henchman, slime , shr.ine , nozzle , nasal. UNDER, YET , HOW, INTO . 






n^. 



;:ar:^ 









■^'■i:^i"^J"'^:^"^""""^' 



-T-T 



.b^.....^.^,...>^....^......:.:^.....^_^,.r- 



.vv? .Vff. 



.?-^ v^ ^^^_ 



.s 







52 SEIvKCTBD WORDS. 



SELECTED WORDS. 

Next, when, assured, put, last, for it, if it, of it, as it, 
I ) 

r (-- ^ ('-■ 



c) 



LETTER 



Dear Sir: The election of Mc.KiiTley is an assured fact as our next Pres- 
ident . That his election has become a fact is admitted even by the candi- 
date on the opposite ticket and his political managers. 

This means public confidence confidence ip our money, gold and sil- 

yer confidence in the ability of our citizens to manage their own affairs 

and uphold the honesty and integrity of our nation at home. Confidence also 
moans business revival, and business for our farmers, and well-paid labor, for 
our mechanics. It means business for our banks and our corporations and 
la)?ge moneyed nstitutions. Finally, it moans good times for everybody who 
is willing to avail himself of the opportunities offered him. It means 
good times for all our men who are willing to labor when the opportunity 
offers. 

All our agents can make money now if they are ambitious. Yours truly, 



v^^" 



t- 






EXPEDIENTS FOR SPEED. 

Final T or D is frequently indicated bv making a stem cut the red line 
01 the note-book cr paper, thus: 

Speed, fit, fat, sit, sat, vote, tied, bid, after, aot, east, hostile 



SELECTED WORDS. 



SELECT2D WORDS 



Would i:e, great, one, me, whole, as if, ''ou will, been, has been 

-....-.-^ ^.__ ^_^ ' ... ...\ f. ' 



A- 



LET'EER. 



Dear Sir: I received notice to-day from your company that my note for. 

Bixty-fire dollars (|65,) would be due at the Third National Bank, on the 
30th of this month. 

As you know I hoped to be able to pay this note at this time, but busi- 
ness has been so dull in this vicinity for the last three months that I 
have had to put into it all the ready money I could" gather together, but the 
out-look for the next thrse months is exceptionally good. 

If your company will allow me to pay part of this note, say twenty-five 
dollars ($25,)and extend the balance of forty dollars ( $40 ) for ninety days 
more, it will be a great accommodation to me, and I will make every effort to 
pay the whole business at the end of that period. 

If you can use your personal influence to secure this accommodation for 
me, it will be a great favor. 

One reason I have to ask for this accommodation is that I expected to 
get spm© monfry from my Western land to meet this when it came due, but have 
been disappointed in that respect; but it looks now as if I would get this 
affair settled up within the next three months. 

Hoping you will be successful, and that you will let me know as soon as 
possible,! am, Yours truly. 






i..j.^y.i^.s^^.L^.^ 






•y- 



54 DOUBLE CONSONANT 



CHAPTER Xll - 

DOUBLE CONSONAITTS. 

The double consonants TR ,DR ,PR,BR ,KR ,GR ,and FR are represented by 
Lng the steins T ,D,P,3 ,?[,GAY,and F a little above the line, thus: 

tre , tra, trah, traw, tro, troo. tri , troi, trpu. 

/• / / ./././ / / / 



dre , dra, drah. draw, dro, droo. dri, droi, drou, 



pre, pra, prala. praw, pro, prop. pri, proi, prou, 

.1. I. I. .1 J .1 1 . i I 



hre , "bra, hrali. hraw, "oro , Toroo. hri, iDroi, brpu 



kre . — ^ — — 



fre. 



The double consonants PL,EL,KL,GL,FL,and SL are indicated by writing 
the stems close under the line, thus: 

pie, pla, plah. plaw, plo, ploo. pli, ploi, plou. 

"\, i " 



ble, bla, blah. blaw, bio, bloo, bli, bloi, blou. 

■"^- \: \. '^" ^ \ '^' V \" 

kle , kla, kl;ah. kla.w, klo, kloo. kli , kloi, klou. 



gle. -.^-,--.;^-^. 



WRITING EXERCISE. 



55 



fie.. 



sle . 



■^ r'T" J--J--J 7-j~j 



• VJRITING EXERCISE. 

Tree ,13 low, tray ,13 lew, true ,glee .try , glow, dray , flee ,draw,f lay ,dry ,f law, 
craw,f lov/, pray , flew, crow, fly , fry , slay , grow, sly ,gr-ew, slow, free , flies ,f ray , 
flows , dress, fleece ,trays , slice , strays , split , straws , plight , sprays , blood, 
screws , bleed, freeze , flaws , frays ,flo at er , trick , glades , clover , track, cleave , 
trust ,closed,breed ,l3 less ed , pressed, refrain , fluster , re trench, re claim,pro^ 
fane , clasp ,reply, replete , trustful, plaid, trans late .blockade , trans it , plain, 
retrieve , flicker ,presiirae ,f leek, trouble , fleeter , gruff , glove , crane , clove , 
brave ,bless ,brief , cliff , reproof , clung , graft , glass , grief , class , grove , 
classify , grave , claim, drink, clamor , drunk, fling ,frank, strung , plank, freak, 
cl.ang , break, cling ,cr-inge > bluff , greater , cloth, trimmed , clinch, triple , plant , 
French, Florida, prof it able , plunge , pre judicial, plenty, preach , reflection , 
prudently , Cleveland ,presijimption , flannel, transmit , slur .transmission , glo- 
rify , promote , apply , promotion , regular , draft ,blasphemy , tramp ling , regulate , 
preservation , clearness , regret , reclaim, tremendous , clever , scrupulous , pro- 
longed, clash, crash, clam, fraudulent ,clev/, preference ,clay , brewery, glue , 
strata, glare , triumphant , ecclesiastical, literal, slim, approve , slake , transfer 
pleasure , pressure , revelation , precious , clause , spr inkle d, f lip, tr^fic ,f lop, 
freshly, flush, prosper , flake ,transpose ,f lock,preci3ely , plush , transferred, 
clutch, preferring , pledge , preference , country , contrary , control, comply , com- 
prehend , complete , compress , complain, congress .complicity , pre sent , pie as ant , 
blustering , prisoner , clipped , cropped , accomplishment , slain .gravity , gloom, 
private , gloaming .provide ,flimsy, principle , driven ,f laming, travel, flag, prior 
flash, traverse .florist , drench, plain , trench, plaster, streaming. climax, strain- 
.ing, glinting, cramp ,cleanlng,grinning,cloudy, frequently .approach, stretch, 
strain, strange . stratify , tradition, treaty .BEFORE .WHICH, THEI-I. 

/ /_ / / / / / _ I 

T""""""" \ """■"" -^---^ --5 - -^--- 

( — — ( ( --^ 

,, """r ""'( ""p""'^ ~T'-' 1---7 r- 

" ~'r^ --^---^---- -^-fe--_^.-.^. ^ j.- 

r"""^""'^"'"p r -^o)--^- -^--^--«==^---=^-t- 



I 



56 WRITING EXERCISE. 






I L^ rb £b fT ^^^ — Jo d 



-l ^ 1- , - k ^-.n=-..-..:-- r::^- -.-- ---7 

' .._ .^_L^ u /.._..Tr^ i_i t 



—ID 



c) 



SELECTED WORDS. 



57 



SELECTED WORDS. 
Glad, hardly, on, meet, might, interest, added. 



latter, hold, 



LETTER. 

D«ar Sir: Yours of the 9th received containing . note. As prsvious to re- 
ceiving this, I had sant a note for forty dollars (^o) and checX for the 
balance, with interest add'ed,to my friend, I.Lr .Blair , to settle this matter,! 
hardly think it worth while to send this one, as it would be a duplicate, al- 
though the amounts do not exactly agree, since this o.ne is for forty-two dol- 
lar* and twenty-two cents (342,22). 

If , however, you wish to get it on your own blanks, please send me one 
correctly made out and filled in to take the place of the one I sent, and 
I will sign and return it. In the meantime I will be glad to have you re- 
turn the note for sixty-five dollars and twenty-two cents ( $65, 2fi) .Which you 
now hold as it is practically paid. 

I appreciate my obligation to you for your kindness in assisting me in 
this dilemma, and also f©r your good wishes. 

If business is not as bright just now as it might be^I have good pros- 
pects for the future. I hope you are meeting the success you expected from 
the brilliant start you made in your business when I was in Pittsburg. 

'I believe that our friends, the Paulsons, are doing very well at pres- 
ent . Truly yours, 










Yes, yes sir, yet 



id, use, young, yen, union, unite, utility 



-V^^--.v^ 



58 



SELECTED WORDS. 



SELECTED WORDS. 
We would, you would, advantage, them, then, almost, instrument, have had 



yau 



will, matter, character. / 



.D— ..O. 



-_-X^,- 



LETTER . 

Dear Sir:--We beg to call your attention to the catalogue and booklet 
of a brand new typewriter, mailed you under a separate cover. We would like 
to secure your order for some of these typewriters for use in your school, 
and believe you would find it to your advantage and profit, and to the advan- 
tage and profit of your pupils to have these instruments as a regular part 
of your equipment. 

At almost any time it has been possible for a competent stenographer 
familiar with the use of this instrument , to secure plaasant, permanent, and 
p^r-ofitable employment , and especially so this summer when we have had more 
inquiries for stenographers than we could fill." 

You will note from the names on the back of this letter and in the in- 
closed folder the class of business houses and business concerns, as well as 
the class and the. large niimber of business schools and colleges which are 
now using our new typewriters. 

We make a special price to schools of $70 for cash. 

We trust ycu will give this matter your serious consideration, and we 
shall be especially pleased to have our representative call upon ycu, and 
see you in connection wit the same in the course of two or three days, or 
sooner if you will so signify. 

Yoars very truly, 








SEI.BCTED WORDS. 59 



SELECTED WORDS. 
Materially, perfect, large, constantly, throughout,, show, detail, deter 

----- 4: --- -^- -X- ->.-.- ^- 

LETTER . 

Gentlemen: --Realizing, that the best foundation for a large and profita-*. 
ble business is the successful outcome of the investments of our clients, 
we have spared neither time nor expense in perfecting our arrangements to 
receive all reliable and definite information pertaining to the investment 
and speculative markets. 

That our efforts in this direction have met with entire success, and are 
duly appreciated is evidenced by our large and constantly growing business 
and our many friends throughout the country. 

Our mediums for the dissemination of this information and of the true 
conditions influencing the markets are our^Weekly Market Review," a summary ' 
of the week's transactions; our"Daily Market Letter," a detailed statement 
of the happenings of the day on the various exchanges; our special tele- 
graphic advices containing infonnation that will have a bearing on the mar- 
ket it pertains to. 

We have had the pleasure of writing to you before calling your atten- 
tion to the facilities placed at your disposal for the execution of your 
orders, and it is our desire at present to show you that we can give you just 
and intelligent executions on same and desirable information, which will ma- 
terially assist you in determining the different market's possible course. 

If you are interested, we shall take pleasure in placing your name on 
our mailing list . 

Yours truly, 



.3, 









6o R AND L ADDED BY POSITION. 



R MD L ADDED BY POSITION. 

All stems, except the double consonants treated of in the preceding 
exercise, are written ahove the line to indicate that they eriid with R,and 
"below the line to indicate that they end with L. ■* 

vele jVale ,val. vol, vole ,vool, vile ,voil,voul. 

vere ,vare ,var . vor ,vore ,voor . vire ,voir ,vour . 

ill ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ *V 



sere , sair , sar . sor , sore ,soor . sire ,30ir , sour . 

f f f J ) ) ( ( ( 



mele . -v^^-- 

nil. ;^. — 

jele. 



'^ T / -:,--J--J ^jr-j-j 

WRITING EXERCISE. 

Chair , cheer , char ,mere jnar ,raore , sore , nor ,neal ,ineal,mail,j ail, will, we 11 
wail, we re , remorse , resource , military , reward ,mi Hi nary, mouldy , murder , mortal, 
molten , miracle , remark, sources , award, mercy , knowledge , serve , mourn , mourner, 
ceremony , north, dwarf , nearest .merest , mortgage , milker , surrender , sermon , vio- 
late , honorable , energy , enlarge , north, northman, northern , worth, analysis .enor- 
mous , valid , march, nerve , nervous , milder , delay ,wilderness , circuit , margin , 
circumstances , unreasonable , charter , more over ,merit , search,raeritorious , im- 
mersed, immersion , surety , surely , only , analyze , dealer , serial , large , cereal, 
equal, equalize , qualify , quarrel, squire .require , squarely , twirl, squalor , over- 
whelming .merchandise , merchant , unless , always .almost , sorry , soaring. 



/ / / - 



J 



WRITING EXERCISE 6i 



SITING EXERCISE. 



Wien the second stem in a word of more than one syllable is a double 
consonant , the stems may be disjoined, and the second stem written above 
horizontal, and to the right of vertical stems to indicate R,and under all 
stems to indicate L,thus: 

Telegram, program, telegraph, disagree , degree ,fr arrant , flagrant , disgrace , 
inscribe , subscribe , caprice , deprive ,prdgress , describe , digression, preclude 
discipline , deplore , dec line , pro scribe , photographed, nostril, secretary .em- 
igrant , duplicate ,prostration , inscription , re-enclose , duplicity, children, 
surplus , engraved , procrastination , neutral , Democratic , instrument , demonstra- 
tion , entrench, instruction , district , distract , destruction , explain , explore , 
express, explode , extract , extremity , exploit ; exclaim",exclainat ion , abstract , 
disturb , distribute , declare , declaration , excruciate , transgress ,prostrate , 
frustrate , imply , implore , impression , incline , improve , increase ,excentric, 
intrinsic, AT PRESENT ,shriek, shrub , shrine , shrift .• 

i7r£...l:z:°../fr:j....^..A-..br... ir^......o?:\....<u ....^^ ^.....b:i'..... 



^._^^,....L^....^ / -/b b:tv-.-l-:p-,-.-^--.6^ r:s:^..../.. 

-/r>-^...--.s_^--_..^^2^..A-....,,^^....4o-.-^.,,..^.. ,.^ ^ 

.^.^...^ < .^.,.:)^....^...^....^.....^..^.^....^.....^...,^...4. 

Dear Sir:-- I herewith return in a separate cover copies of specifications 
and plans for sewers on Montrose street ,v/ith a letter addressed to the 
President of your Board of Directors , requesting him to put them before 
your Board for their approval and acceptance. Please deliver them to the 
Board with- a request to have them acted upon at once, and if approved, ask 
the President to have them returned to this office as soon as possible. 
Yours truly. 

IIOTE . Stems barely cutting the dotted line end with T or D. 

A yrery large final hook is called REL or LER . See Chapter XV. 



62 PRIMARY VOWELS. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

PRIMARY VOWELS. 

The primary vowels are represented by light straight stems, of three 
different lengths ,v/ritten from left to right, and inclining upward. The 
diphthongs are represented by short shaded stems. 

E, A, AH. AW, 0, 00. I, 01, OU. 

ear, air, are. awr , oar, oor. ire, oir, our. 
eal , ail, ahl . awl, oal , ool. ile , oil, owl. 

The vov/el stems may begin and end with the, R and the L hook. They 
never begin] with the consonant stems or the S circle , but may end with the 
latter. 

re , ra, rah. 



le , la, lah. law, lo , loo, 



fi, 


roi, 


rou. 


D-.- 


-..7-^-> 


-.-.Ok„ 


li, 


loi, 


lou. 


1 . 


..7. 


-„ 3... 



The pupil will understand , of course .that each vowel stem has a short 
sound as v/ell as a long sound. 

WRITING EXERCISE. 

Eye ,ice ,iron ,ear ,eel , A, air, ah ,ale .awe ,all ,or ,oral ,owl , owe ,hour , hourly 
urn ,erred ,oil ,lie ,lay , layer ,rare , rarely , island , islander , Ireland , Irishman , 
own ,ill , oiled , aired, ore , royal , loyal ,ooze , allow ,Erie , aspect ,rely ,else , 
elsewhere , orderly ,rule , ruler , rural ,urge ,real , really ,arm , armor , older ,earl , 
owning , awning ,row , early , alarm, ray ,awry ,roar , allay ,ally ,hard , hardly , heard , 
heretofore , hereafter .alcohol ,aiuiQ, illumine , illustrate .artist , illusion , 
allusion .almighty ,omit , omission , Omaha , harmony , disorderly , realize ,law , lower, 
ring ,rung , rang, lung ,lank , hunger , longer , linger ,lo,ng , along , reality ,HARD ,OLD 
HARDLY , OLDER , HELD , ELDE ST . 



LETTER. 63 



N \; 



t--r 



LETTER . 

Dear Sir:-- Ycur favor of Monday last is at hand, and in reply we beg to 
say that there is no change in the character of the market since we last 
wrote you. It is more than likely that the present dullness is only the 
beginning of a period of low prices and slow sales, as stocks in both En- 
gland and the United States are very large , while the demand is correspond- 
ingly light. 

We have found that our importers are not eager sellers; and although 
full prices are insisted upon, a slight shading is reported on odd lots 
from dock to wharf , which it was^not deemed advisable to warehouse. 

A cable dispatch just received from Europe as I write is more fa- 
vorable, and it is not unlikely that cargoes may move actively before the 
end of August. If you are able to \>\vj any wool for us of good fine grade, 
at the figures quoted in your letter, we should be glad to get as much as 
you can forward us; and should the market rule higher, we iihould be wil- 
ling to pay even a cent a pound mere for good samples. 

In regard to the matter of meeting the note , we have only to say that 
as money- is tight just now, we shall not press for immediate pa^^Tnent ,but 
wait your convenience any time during the next tv/o months. If you can pay 
us the whole, or any portion of the money before that time, we shall be glad 
to receive it, as our bank account is not so large that we can afford to 
keep much out at long credit. Yours truly. 



64 THE CONSONANT Y. 



/_-.L,...../,._..L..r:..._L,..„^,. ,:^_J 









v-------V--^-y-----^ ^--A, (f-.-^--™,-e 



THE CONSOKAJnT Y . . . 

The sound represented by the consonant Y,or its equivalent YUH,is 
represented "by a small shaded curved stem, slauiting in different directions 
thus : 

ye, yea, yah. yavr, yoe , yoo. 

r...,..i W-. .?» > ^.. 

WRITING EXERCISE. 

Ye ,yea,you ,year ,ycre ,yon , yonder ,your ,yes , yawl, yeast ,used , usual, use- 
ful, young, youth, youthful, unite , union ,hujnor , hum an , humanity, unanimously, 
unique , unanimity, universally .uniformly, Europe , unison ,unlt , utility , usurp , 
usury ,eulogy ,Eureka,yell,yellow ,yield ,yesterday . 




REI;IAKK. Sheiding tlie IT circle Indicates a union of YTJH and U.thus: 

Opinion , beyond , avenue , revenues , dominion , Virgin! an , continue , mi 111 on . 



THE DOUBLE CONSONAM" SH STEM. 
The double consonant SH is represented by a shaded stem slanting to 



THE DOUBLE CONSONANT TH. 



65 



the left, thus; 

she, sha,'shah. 



shaw, s^o , shoe. 



shi , shci , shou. 



77RITIXG EXERCISE. 

She ,show,shav/ , shoe , shear , share , shore , shell, shall, shave ,shin , shan, 
shun jslione , sheen j shine jShy , machinery , shelf, sher if f, banish, bajnishxnent , 
punish, punishment , astonish, astonishment , ash, rash, lash, rush, Russia, ace an , 
usher ,lotion , Hessian ; hash, hush, luscious , rashly . 



^.....j- 



J 



J > 



4 



J 



qJ _cJ rj _ cJ. 



:::-;rg:S:5 ti:^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 



THE. 1X)UBIJE C0N30::A2TT TH. 

The double consonant -TH is represented by a vertical curved ex.d sha- 
ded -stem, the second group slanting to the right, thus: 



the, tha, thah. 

J. ) L 



thaw, tho 

.i \. 



thoo. 



thy, thoi, thcu. 

) ) ) 



vmiTING EXERCISE. 

The ,tliey ,than , though , thy ,thavr, then , than , then, thou, the re ,thin , thumb ,t 
theory , e ither , other , author , lath ,■ loth , lather , leather ,\vrath , rather , thither , 
hither , heath, he at her ,hath, athletic ,Ruth,thrcugh,thorcughl;/ , Thursday ,cath- 
efral, atheism, arithmetic , authority , authorize .hitherto , theatre , therefore , 
therein J otherwise , think, thank, thunder, mat hemat ics , thumped, thousand. PROPER. 

-^-b"^ ->----:)---"c»---4--^-----j-^-l-■--^--,^^ j^-^- 

J ^ZL^h^A^A... ^ 



IJETTER . 

Dear Sir: There seems to be an error in weight of 24 inch sleeve ship- 
ped us on the 11th inst . V.'hen it arrived here, it had no weight marked on 
it, hence we weighed it on our scales, and billed it per weight sho-n, which 
was 282 lbs. XJe presume the mistake was on the part of your weighmaster . 



66 MODIFICATION OF THE PREFIXES CON AND COM. 



Please send us corrected TdIII. 

Our Pittsburgh representatives inform us that you called for check 
to balance our account with you. Our books show no credit in your favor 
Please send statement of account claimed to be due, and if ,by an;/ means, 
we have overlooked any of your invoices we shall be pleased to give you 
proper credit, and make prompt settlement. Your truly, 



MODIFICATIONS nj THE PKP^FIXES CON AND COM. 

When the CON circle is placed on the right side of vertical , and • up- 
per side of horizontal straight stems, and on all curved stems across the 
line, it is called CONS; thus: 

Consequent ,consider , consignee , con sonant ,coiiSp icuous , con spire , conspir- 
acy , constant , constrain , constraint ,con struct ,construct ion , construe ,con - 
stellaticn,coristitute , concede , conceit , conceive , concept , concept ion , con sent 
consecrate , con sec rat ion , constitute , constitution , consternation , conscious, 
c n se c u 1 1 ve , c n s G r ip t , c n se n t . 

^^^ ^ ^ ^ z teJ £ A.LI. L^...p.-.^ 

INCON PJTL INCOM. 

Tiien the CON and the COM circle begin with a smal] back hook, they 
are called INCON and INCOM. The IKCON hook is sometimes called UNCON. 
The prefixes DECON ,DI SCON, and DISCON are formed by disjoining the stems. 

Incongruous , ir.ccnsiderate , irconsistent , inconvenient , incontestable .in- 
constant , unconcerned .unconvinced .uncontrollable , incomplete , incompatible . 
incomparable , incomprehensible , incompetent .uncontradicted .uncorsciciis , dis- 
concert .discontent .disconnect .discontinue , decomposed , decompose t ion ,discom- 
posed .discomfort .discomracde .accomplish .accomplishment .accompany .excommu- 
nicate .comrriunicate , contradict .condescend .reconsider .cont rovers:" . con temp- 
late , contingcncv .conscience .conscitnticusly. /-^ ^ ri, ^ 

1 ^.:z:.i....:^..^:i.i ,^...y.^iMy^..^....^...^. 

.^.^-.^^-A.l....:f.4 .^....3....^... « ^ 



LETTER. 67 



TJITTER . 

Dear Sir:-- Enclosed v/e "beg to Tiand you sample batch of our adver- 
tisements , and would "be glad to have you freely criticise same. 

We v;ould say that we are advertising in the daily newspapers almost 
exclusively , introducing this new line of goods, and that our ads. are chang- 
ed in nearly all cases daily, and at least two or three times a week, when 
we cannot do it every day. 

When more than one paper is used in a city, a different advertisement 
appears in each paper each day. The v/riter has to thank you for what 
crude ideas he may have on the unlimited subject of advertising , through 
a number of pleasant personal interviews , and through the assistance of 
your department in "Printer's Ink." 

A number of the sample advertisements that you give in your depart- 
ment,! think, are open to severe criticism on the following ground, viz.: 
In very many instances the prominent headline makes no point in itself. 
That is, with any one casually looking over the paper, no impression would 
be made, or no point impressed on him without reading the advertisement 
through. My idea has always been to make some point in the headline, to 
be followed up and clinched in the remainder of the advertisement. 

If you do not think I am on the right track, I would be only too glsd 
to be corrected. Yours truly. 






68 REIv OR IvER. 



CHAPTER XV. 

REL OR LER. 

The R hook , initial or final, made twice its usual size, is pronounced 
either REL or LER, thus: 

Pearl ,girl ,furl ,curl , mineral , federal , relative , relation .relieve .bar- 
rel , tailor ,dealer, scholar . 






L--^ 



WRITING EXERCISE, 



Fuller , duller , liberal ,material , immaterial , numeral , imperial , jailor , 
color , barlow ,litterally , artillery , supernatural , southerly , westerly , furlong 
relinquish , reluct ajit , similar , re liable , chandelier , pur lieu, purloin, earlier, 
familiar . 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Marry , narrow ,-^ery ,elbov; , alone , alphabet .alcove .molasses .alchemist .care 
lessly, victory. victorious. lesson, lis ten .testamentary , mo ckery ,mystery , to- 
morrow , caress ,gory .emery .notary .dairy .fairy .allowance .erect .fabulous .ir- 
regular .perusal .hereby .irradiate .array .literary .orb it. unroll. interior .su- 
perior .generally .generation .allude .alas . incoherent .subserve , indorsement , 
disbursement .central .spiritualist .religion .resolutely .desolate .resolution 
absolute .absolution , degenerate .respect , rescue .restore .response .restrain , 
residue, restriction, receipt. recipient, reciprocate, reciprocal, reciprocate. 



SYLLABLES. 



SYLLABLES BSGI^ING AND EllDING TLTE THE smE LETTEK . 

"When the same consonant occurs twice in one syllable, as in PEEP, COKE 
CLOAK, etc ., the se«ond consonajit Ig added "by making a slight break at the 
end of the first stem to show where the second begins, thus: 

Peep ,pr,op, prepare-; cake ,coke , cloak, crock, cook, paper , click, crook, bob. 



The Uo'.uil way , however of ad-iing the second syllable is to indicate 
it "cy a short tick at the end of the first stein,sla,nting it tc the left 
for the second group, ar.d to the right for the- first group, making it very 
light for short sounds, cLnd heavy for long soundf: , thus : 

Peep ,pope , cake , cr oak , creek, prop , property , preparation ,click,clock , 
crock, cloak, cog, coke ,cook , crack, pepper , improper , proprietor , propriety .pro- 
port ion, proposition ,T)repos3essed , problem, probably , paper .pauper ,keg , pro- 
pose , proposal, cricket , crocodi le , propagate , crocker^^ , cooking ,Sa.ptist , pre- 
posterous , people , papal, recognize .prohibit , prohibit ion ,prepc).red , preponder- 
ate ,appoplectic , appropriate ,prcpensity , propel ling , propeller , popular .. 



laSCELLA^IEOUS EXERCISE. 

The following frequently recurring v;ords are not written exactly in 
accordance with tl-.e principles , but are shbreviated in. va,ricus ways for 
speed. 

The initial lengthened R and L hooks are sometimes closed and made 
in the form of a "loop to indicate the syllable ..ART , ALT , etc .. 

■ - ■ "' Came _or^ come .before , been , carefully , carry , scarcely , established , per- 
mit , party ,part icular , perhaps , s:Tnpathy , accordingly ,f irst , distinguish, vol- 
um.e , som.ev/hat .never , nevertheless , further ,f or th, esquire .according , permis- 
sion (Carpenter , alacrity, accurate , accuracy , curious., curiously, curiosity , 
extinguish .expressly , explain , quite , quickl;- , quote , quotation , quality, quanti- 
ty , quarter , quit , qualify ,next ,nctv;ithsta.nding , outstanding , carouse , super - 
inter.de lit , outside . question , acquaint , acquaintance , persuade , persuasion , al- 
titude , article , altogether , extraordinary , earnest ly, sufficiently, BOTTLE, 
manufacturing,-;Tanuf act cry , manufacturer . 



\ -^...-JZT. .e...L....^.....^..J....J. .^....^ 



.pv. 



<c 



70 



LETTER. 




LETTEP, 



Gentlemen: V7e have yours of the 25th ir:3t.,wltri offer of Mr.Brei;ior 

for 1000 gross of Coke Dandruff Cure bottles for .1'3.75 per gross, he to 
pay for one and we for another mould necessarj^ for the manufacturing of 
so many bottles in a reasonable time. 

After thoroughly canvassing t'ne difficulties of making this bottle, 
we came to the conclusicn that we could not afford to accept his offer. 
This bottle, as you know, and as we have heretofore written you, is.- unusually 
heav3',ajid has a tliick neck tuid square shoulders; in consequence of which 
there v/ill be a. great many bottles v/asted in manufacturing them,v;hich, 
as a matter of course, we will have to take some account of in manufactu- 
ring them, and in figuring on the cost of making the bottle. 

For the foregoing rea.sons,as per your request, we wired ^.^ou on L'.on- 

day,and now confirm the following prepaid message: "Will not book your 

order for Dandriiff bottles' at less than $4, 75, we paying for moulds." 

If lir. Bremer is not satisfied with this proposition , we -will pass 
the business. The bottle is v/orth every cent of what we have asked, and 
v/e hope he will conclude to accept -uid pay our price. By the way, we v.'ould 
like to know, if you can inform U6,the price formerly paid for this bot- 
tle. Regretting the delay ar;d trouble our decision ma^/ occasion jV;e are 

Yours trul^/-, 



^ ^ /^z^T7 



-V 



.-4 



y <i X-^2_5th __<^_ \ X _. 




EXPEDIENTS. 71 






EXPEDIENTS . 

The principles developed up to this pcint are sufficient to enable 
a person of ordinary intelligence to reach a high rate of speed by propei 
practice. To facilitate a still higher rate of speed , various expedients 
are employed. A valuable expedient is to indicate the addition of T or 
D to a stem by cutting the line of writing v/ith the stem, as follows: 

Bit, bet, bat. bot , but, boot. 

4— i-.l ..u-4 i-. 

ibt , ebt , abt . obt , ubt , oobt . 

-t f 



r -^-T T 



fit, fet, fat. fot, fut, foot. 

.-(--.-( {- .....-..)--.).. 

ift, eft, aft. oft, uft, 00ft. 

^~"t--c- ')--r--)- 

lif t, , lef t , lart . ■ loft ,luft ,looft. 

-v—-t 'C"- ■") ■) y- 

idgd ,edgd,adgd odgd,udgd, oodgd. 

mete , mate , mat . mot , mote , moot . mite ,moit ,mout . 



rikt ,rekt ,rakt . rckt ,ruict ,rookt 



kid, ked, kad. kod, kud, kocd 



72 T OR D OMITTED. 



WRITING EXE]RCISE. 

Yet ,raade , might , beautiful, determine , introduce , middling , enterprise ,'but , 
bought , settle ,sett ler , intermediate , rebate , indignity , speedily , outward, east- 
ern , notify , pat tern, patronage , industrious , anticipated, inter national, medium, 
natural, matter , intention , afternoon , aptly .obtain, intimated, esteemed, esti- 
mate , estimation , butter ,neatly , modify , modification, affidavit , endeavor , act- 
ually , imbedded J indifferent , interrupted , indispensable , evident ly , entitled , 
entertainingly , remittance , limit , limited, meddle , midst ,viodoubtedly, intelli- 
gence ,Justly , tightly , doubtless , individual, deduction, individual, introduc- 
tion, evidence , interest , easterly , auditor , editor , indebted , undertake , under- 
signed, advance , advise , advice , advantage , advantageous , metropolis , satisfy, 
satisfaction, sat isfactorily^BETWEEN. 

..-.(. — ^r^^....^^.-:.\ ^^--vJCTT;-..^^ v^^-A— -4 X 4? — 



T OR D OMITTED. 

In words of two or more syllables, T or D is often omitted, and the 
omission indicated by crossing the stems in the following manner- 
Gratify, gratitude , grateful, predicate , prodigal, inevitable , rectify , mul- 
tiply , multitude ,predict , protect , product , product ion , protocol, gratification, 
creditor , credible , credit able ,mort^fy, treatment ,actively , contradict . 




LETTER . 

Dear Sir: We have your of the 24th in3t.,and contents carefully noted. 

We , like you, very much regret that we were not able to land the order of 
Wheeler & Co. for catsup bottles. We do not see , however , how any one 
could go much lower and live up to our association rules. 

V/e were not aware that there was a new factory at Mannington, W.Va. 
One thing is certain, they will not be in business very long if they are 
going to quote such low prices. We can hardly b.elieve that our prices 



LETTER. 73 



were 10 per cent .higher than the' Northern Glass Co., as they are higher, as 
a. rule, than any one else in the "business. If they would not start up too 
big a row, we would take up the suhjec't with them. 

We are pleased to know that you are so loyal to us, and take a com- 
mon sense view of the situation. We do not see that our mutual friend, Mr. 
Shields has any ground of complaint against us. We tried to he fair with 
him. The mere fact that you are traveling for us sifter having traveled 
, for him, does not justify his getting angry at hoth of us; hut we presume 
we will have to put up with it with the best grace possible. 

We think it is entirel3r unnecessary for you to go to Philadelphia to 
secure the Sheldon contr.act,as v^e have it in possession, taken some time 
ago by Mr. Ross, of Chestnut Street, our resident agent there. He took it 
at 90 per cent . 

We notice your trip sheet and expense account. We cannot see. the 
necessity of your going to Washington, D.C .territory so soon after your 
having been there. However, we will leave this matter to yourself , as we 
know you are fully able to decide. 

V/hen in Youngs tovm, you might call on the Cherry Run Distilling Co. 
who have written to us for our catalogue ,v/ith price-list and discount 
sheet. They do not tell us v/hat style of bottle is v/anted. If it is ir- 
regular, you }iad better have them send us sample. In our Mercantile Agen- 
cy report they are rated good. 

We enclose herewith, for your advice, circular letter received from 
Walv/orth & Wilson, of V/hee ling, which is sufficiently plain to understand. 
Do you think it would be well for us to sign the agreement they propose? 
Ple-ase advise us promptly. Yours truly. 



^,,.<^._-. 

xO 




^; 






L,_.^...crr. A. .,::::rT:...^. JlJ..i....r:^...io...W....'...i 



rs". 



i:-\- 



i , L....._.v- ...:.-..,.L.....i..u....>}»_..J..._., L^l^. ^...Z 

■r '-- ^-h^ u-^-,..^- 1 i:i.-..,.x..^.4 






74 LETTER. 




d 



^...-d:....a...^„.._....^.^...::^.....L..>:^._.4,..._^.. 






.d..x:r^^:.2::i:::5:::_:i!::}^:7 



Pittsburg, Pa. May 24,1899. 

Messrs. Stirling, Sons & Co. 

Pittsburg, Pa. 
Gentlemen: 

After sending out the letter notifying you of the meeting to he 
held on next Monday,! was informed that probably there might be a misun- 
derstanding of just what was expected to come up at our meeting. 

Of course, you will understand that it is not the scale committee 
proper that will meet .Representatives of both thin and thick vein inter- 
ests on the operators' side, and the Miners' District Executive Board will 
hold a coference for the purpose of a satisfactory adjustment of the ques- 
tion of differential, either by arbitration or otherwise. 

Hoping that you will not misunderstand the former letter, and that you, 
will be in attendance, and with my regards,! am, 

Yours truly, 

...-.-.-...^-..-,....-^....-W.-^..-...7...J--.J....^:'..--£^.-..^i 





.-J ■^-.,>...r:r^..,^..---gr n..\. 

,.^.....^_....v-'^^--.->.--^^-.-t...lf-.r_...>^ 

NOTE. Por convenience in phrasing the diphthong I is sometimes 

»n*itten horizontally; as in the phrase„^.. AS I. 



PHRASE WRITING. 75 



CHAPTER XIX. 
PHRASE WRITING. 
In the, on the , in a, on a, and, and a. and the, and \7hat,a,nd would, and had, 

and v/hat a, and v/ould a, and had a, and what is, and what was , and had as, 

and v;ould it, and wc-uld have , and would not, and v/hat it, and v/hat have, 

■"^■- -T -^^ ^-- X" 

I v;iBh,I was, I did, I had, I would, I aint,I didn't, I hadn't,! v/on't, 
-^- -^ t- A 1 -^ -^--- -^ d ,. . 

I don't, I wouldn't,! did not, I do not,! am, I may , I may "be,! nay have, 

I would he,! would have,! would not,! can't,! couldn't,! haven't,! musn't 

-v -s c- ■^— ■ -^- -w- -'^ 

I wasn't, it is, it was, it isn't, it v/asn't , isn't , wasn't .hasn't , can' t , couldn't 

also,didn' t ,don't ,hadn' t ,at f irst , at . once , at present, at length, at least 

X--^- •^-■-:^- ■■/- -/- -^-^ -/- 

at last , at hand, to hajad,as far as possible, as early as possible, as are 



-/•■ -i ^ -V- -^- --f 

is soon as possible, as soon as, as if, as if it ,we would be, we would ha^j 

■ -y V-- -f- -{-- --V- -^- 



76 



PHRASE WRITING. 



we have, what would, what would "be ,vih8it would have, that it has heen,that th? 



n- 



■^- 



that this, that is to say, from it, from a, from the ,f rem what ,froin this, to a, 



-h -4 



and I could not, with which, without which, it may he, it cannot be, for it v/as 



V. -^ 



for it is, for it has "been, for v/hich,had "been, and he is, and he was, hut was, 



but is, but it wae ,but it is, but it has been, are not, are in, or in^a good 

-V. -Ob. 



-V- -V-^ --V V\-- 



many, a good deal, a great man3'',a great deal, yet it was, has been, has not, 



.^. 



t- -€■ 



as. yet^as if, as if it, as it was, as our, as will, as has been, less than, 
more than, it would be, it would have been, it could be, it could have been. 



'^ 



X 



T 



...i^.. 



t 



more or legs, I have,! have not, I haven't, I have seen, I have had, I have had 

"^ . . . 

\ t 



V- -(sL- -V 



the, we have had, we have seen, we have had the, and I cannot, and we can have, 



■l- 



is not, is in, what is,v/hat was , what can be , what can have, was a, was the 



was it, was that, was there , was not , was made , was in, was I ,was he, was she, 
-.3.. -5 ^.- -^-- '-W-. -'t.„ .J?.. .X. 



-;>... 



.S^._ -^rv„ '-<l^— - 



PHRASK WRITIN.G. 77 



was anythingjwe shall. we shall have, we shall not, I shall,! shall,! shall 
...%^. ^ -<rr?f---. .<T^. <*.. 



-"\- -^ '-■ -\ 



have,! shall not, you shall, you shall have, you shall not , shall I, shall he, 

-"^ * i <.-■ -f f-- 



■t 



shall not, shall have , shall he , shall it ,1 should, he should, you should, 
..'^.. .^ Is .^ sk d... ..^ 

it should De,tliey should, there should "be , should !, should he, should they, 

-Y- ^ 4 -^ -^- -i- 

should it, should be, for this, of this, in receipt, we are in receipt, in reply 

--/'. ^ -i- ^ ^.- -^■.. -^- 

in reference, in regard, what has heen the, they have been, there have "been, 
they will he, they are, there are, there raust be, there can be, there cannot be 

■^ ^ ^ -S -^- 



it must be, let it be, not have, not be, you have , you v/ill be, you can be 



\- -( •^;---^- (.- T 



you may be, you may have, you are, you v,rere,to v/hich we, at which, did you have 

-■^- *-^- -"-- -'■ -^ / •^- 

did you ever, did you say, do you know, did you knov;,do you say, did you not, 

--\. t ^ <-- -/■ ^- 

did it not, did it ever, we will not, will not, is it, if it is, if it was, 

if it is not, do you remember , there is, there wasjthere v/as rTothing,it might 

-^-. --^ I. 1 L .^..- 

L.ofC. 



78 PHRASE WRITING. 

I have done, have you done, have you had, as v/ell as , as we are, to be, to have, 

-i^... .-^. -.\^^. ,_^-. _^.. „-^.. .,^... 

it seeins,my dear sir, for we are, for I am, although, alv/ay s , almost , also , 

if it v/ere , where v/ill, where arejVre are,v;e \7ere , which ,v:hich will, which are, 

which were, which is, which was, we will not be, which can be, every one , not a, 

...-^_ ...^... ..^,_-, ....^r^... ./:r::r:v_. .-^._ .-v^. 

very one, not one , in one, any one, no one, on one, that one, is one, if one, 



of one, as one , by one, to one, in which, if v/hich,of which, if each one , in our, 

-a- i ^--'^- — - c- V ^ -^- 

which would be, of what the, of v/hat you, by all means, by any means , by our, 

by no raeans,very well, of whom, in whora^by whom, on whom, about whom, to whom, 
-X^ ^-- -.-^ >^- -^ -^G-- -^ ^-- 

whom, who v^rilljV/ho are , who were,v;ho shall be , who shall not, in order to, 

-Q V- v.... ..A.. ...*»... ..,K^-- ..y. 

he shall not , he has had, they have had, she shall be, she shoLild,she ha?, had, 



at that , 1 + hat , so that , as that , if that , of that , in that , on that , any that , 



t tnat , to i;;hat , so t; 
-/- -- .J..... „^..- ..^.. .../.... ..>..-._ ..V?-- .-S^-- --V-r^- 



such that, each other, to each other, for each other, how is, how was, how will, 
.„>^.. ../.., .,..c/.- ...k.. ' ..V... ..a V... 



PHRASE WRITING. 



79 



hew are,liov.' were,hov; could you, how did,hov/ had,hov; would, hov; did you, 

_L... .^-- ..V - .— \--- V - -- y^^- -^— . 

how did it, how did he, how could he, how long, how old, how had it ,hov; v.-culd 

-^- ) -V -f-- -s V J 

you, on the one hand, on the other hand, now and then, day "by day, day after 



-^ 



day, everything, anything, nothing, very thing, anything else, nothing else, 
something jfron day to day , in hand, on hand, one another, no less than, not 



less -than, an-n,vhere else, no vmere else, if you were, if I were, if he v;ere 



t- -S i- 



I will, I will have, I will not "be, you aint ,ycu v/ont,in respect, in all re- 

"- t- -■-"^- ■"- "- -^ i.- - 

spects,that is, that was, that will, that our, if you are, if you v-erejhut 

-J- -i- i ^~ --6 h-- 



v/hich is, but which was , as the other; at his own, to his ov.t., with his own 



-V V /-- 



In his own, on his ov.m,as his o';m,so long as, as long as, in writing, so far 
-S^— _-/^.. .„^,_. _../_. _-X- 



-.^-6- 



as J as much as, inasmuch as , in all probability , at all events, in less thcui, 
in consequence , at less than, to receive, is received, as mariy as, in any even1 



8o PHRASE WRITING. 



it had to, common sense , at some other, it ought to, it ought not, it ought, 



it ought to haye,it ought to be, ought not ,matte> ^f course , as it seemed, 
as fast as, how ought ,what did you, what did it, what did he , why are you. 



-.V... 



'^-- - — f— --•^- 



^ 



why did you, why would it , for instance , for example, it is said , now state 



-^ -^ -/-- ■"-^- 



whether , state whether or not , are you, are you not, where do you live , where 
do you reside, don't you know, didn't you say , can you say , was it not , was 

f ^- -/-- -T- -t:- -^-- 

there anything, was nothing, you did , you had , you would , was that the, isn't 
that the, don't you remember, I don't remember , what would, we would. 

A SUGGESTION. 

The pupil, having finished PART I of this volume, may find perhaps that he 
is not yet a stenographer. The temptation to cover a great deal of ground in a 
very short time is well nigh irresistible to a beginner; and after completing the 
foregoing pages, he may possibly find that, while he possesses a very thorough 
knowledge of the theory of Stem -Vowel Shorthand, his ability to do practical 
work is nil. In other words he has learned Stem-Vowel Shorthand as a science, 
and not as an art, and his efforts must now be directed to turning his knowledge 
of the science in practical account as an art. 

The pupil should commence again at the beginning of PART I, and write the 
word and the sentence exercises from dictation, until he can write them all readily 
and rapidly, his efficiency as a stenographer depending largely upon the care 
taken to make his writing accurate, and thus readable, and the thoroughness with 
which he masters each lesson from dictation. Then, and not till then, is he ready 
to begin PART II. 



StP 



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SEP 12 m2 

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SEP. 12 1902 



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